- #36
Tom.G
Science Advisor
Gold Member
- 5,232
- 4,055
Did you mean Z2 - R2) ?jim hardy said:pythagoras' theorem X = √Z2 - R2)
Did you mean Z2 - R2) ?jim hardy said:pythagoras' theorem X = √Z2 - R2)
Yes musta hit subscript instead of super?Tom.G said:Did you mean Z2 - R2) ?
The Electrician said:There is a warning
jim hardy said:the impedance is √(resistance2 + reactance2)
By hands- on ! That's wonderful.The Electrician said:He's going to get a good lesson in the importance of an iron core in transformers!
The Electrician said:UtsavRaj, be careful not damage your primary coil. You mentioned in an earlier post that the coil was getting hot.
There is a warning in: http://int.frederiksen.eu/Admin/Public/DWSDownload.aspx?File=/Files/Files/exp/137000/137710-EN-The-transformer.pdf
It says:
"When the core is not in place in the primary coil, the
current can get so high that the coil overheats and the
plastic coil former is damaged. The coils used have
these maximum currents:
462510 200 windings Max. 2 A
462520 400 windings Max. 1 A
462525 800 windings Max. 0.5 A"
Be sure to make your measurements at those high currents quickly and then turn the voltage down.
So are you saying that Impendance would be equal to resistance (mathematically speaking)The Electrician said:My transformer has primary and secondary wound on the same bobbin, but the principle will apply to the OP's setup. I don't think the OP will be able to see the difference between Z and R when the core is absent.
It is in Singapore. I chose this topic as part of my essay.jim hardy said:@UtsRavj - where is your school? I'm delighted to hear somebody still teaches hands-on electronics .
UtsavRaj said:So are you saying that Impendance would be equal to resistance (mathematically speaking)
The Electrician said:UtsavRaj, would you please measure the resistance of your coils with a DVM; also the resistance of your bulb load, and post the results here.
Do you know what the rated voltage of the bulb is?
jim hardy said:Make the same plot, secondary volts(unloaded, no bulb) versus primary current with iron core.
I doubt you'll be able to push even an amp through primary.
I do not get this.jim hardy said:Plot deviation vs current - is it random, IR drop, or heating ?
I have already done that.The Electrician said:Once he gets the iron in, measuring the inductance should be possible even with his less than ideal setup.
UtsavRaj said:The method went like this:
- Powerpack attached to rheostat
- rheostat attached to digital ammeter
- Digital ammeter attached to Transformer coil (primary winding)
- Transformer coil attached back to powerpack.
- The digital voltmeter attached in parallel to the primary coil.
- The secondary winding was attached to another Digital ammeter.
- The digital ammeter attached to a bulb.
- Bulb attached back to the secondary winding.
- Another digital voltmeter attached in parallel to secondary winding.
- All wires were copper wires.
- All the voltage and current readings were taken from the respective devices and recorded.
jim hardy said:
UtsavRaj said:Explanation for trend:
Sudden increase:
- The induced magnetic field becomes stronger due to permeability of iron core which provides magnetic flux densities 10000 times that of air.high permeability means that the most of magnetic field is concentrated in the iron core and therefore allows a better inductance.n iron core is often used to provide a low-reluctance path for the magnetic flux
- The resistance of a given piece of wire depends on three factors: the length of the wire, the cross-sectional area of the wire, and the resistivity of the material composing the wire. All of the factors remain the same. Therefore, coil have a steady resistance.
- Copper losses are low as resistance is the same and the current is low.
- The iron core Magnetic Stray losses at minimum although it increases with negligible with higher voltage.
- At this point, the hysteresis and eddy currents are minimal (also because of insulated Iron core).
- As weak magnetic field produces weak eddy currents and hysteresis.
- Magnetostriction is low as well
- Electric hum low due to less magnetic stray.
At higher voltage the increase becomes less.
Is this explanation of trend right or am i wrong or less somewhere?
- More consistent value:
- Magnetostriction increases due to a strong magnetic field.
- Copper losses increases because of increase in current (A big source of energy loss).
- Eddy Current becomes a bigger problem because of increase in magnetic field that causes bigger current being made in the iron core.
- Hysterosis also increases. (Don’t exactly know)
- Magnetic stray loss is still negligible but increases.
- The induced magnetic field becomes stronger.
- Electric hum a little bit due to more magnetic stray (which causes friction and therefore energy loss).
Why does it have to be a straight line again?The Electrician said:In your chart check the primary voltage of 6.59 volts. The corresponding primary current appears to be about 10 times too large. Same thing for primary voltage of 11.11 volts. These two points on the graph appear to be outliers.
If you fix those two values your graph will look much better; although the very first two voltage values look questionable too.
Primary current is the MMF that pushes flux.UtsavRaj said:Why does it have to be a straight line again?
UtsavRaj said:
Or do we need more info?UtsavRaj said:Explanation for trend:
Sudden increase:
- The induced magnetic field becomes stronger due to permeability of iron core which provides magnetic flux densities 10000 times that of air.high permeability means that the most of magnetic field is concentrated in the iron core and therefore allows a better inductance.n iron core is often used to provide a low-reluctance path for the magnetic flux
- The resistance of a given piece of wire depends on three factors: the length of the wire, the cross-sectional area of the wire, and the resistivity of the material composing the wire. All of the factors remain the same. Therefore, coil have a steady resistance.
- Copper losses are low as resistance is the same and the current is low.
- The iron core Magnetic Stray losses at minimum although it increases with negligible with higher voltage.
- At this point, the hysteresis and eddy currents are minimal (also because of insulated Iron core).
- As weak magnetic field produces weak eddy currents and hysteresis.
- Magnetostriction is low as well
- Electric hum low due to less magnetic stray.
At higher voltage the increase becomes less.
Is this explanation of trend right or am i wrong or less somewhere?
- More consistent value:
- Magnetostriction increases due to a strong magnetic field.
- Copper losses increases because of increase in current (A big source of energy loss).
- Eddy Current becomes a bigger problem because of increase in magnetic field that causes bigger current being made in the iron core.
- Hysterosis also increases. (Don’t exactly know)
- Magnetic stray loss is still negligible but increases.
- The induced magnetic field becomes stronger.
- Electric hum a little bit due to more magnetic stray (which causes friction and therefore energy loss).
Are you asking me or mfbd?jim hardy said:Primary current is the MMF that pushes flux.
Secondary voltage is a measure of the resulting flux.
What is the formula that relates flux to current ? Which terms in that formula might be nonlinear ?
I thought you were asking me about the graph in post 49.UtsavRaj said:Why does it have to be a straight line again?
Are you asking me or mfbd?
The question i was asking you sir was the explanation in post 55jim hardy said:I thought you were asking me about the graph in post 49.
Perhaps i responded to the wrong question.
old jim
The Electrician said:In your chart check the primary voltage of 6.59 volts. The corresponding primary current appears to be about 10 times too large. Same thing for primary voltage of 11.11 volts. These two points on the graph appear to be outliers.
If you fix those two values your graph will look much better; although the very first two voltage values look questionable too.
I do not get thisThe Electrician said:One part of the current is due to the secondary current being "reflected" to the primary.
This tells us whether it behaves like a solenoid or not?jim hardy said:What i wanted to see is -
Is measured flux linear with current ?
Tells us how closely it approximates the ideal properties of inductanceUtsavRaj said:This tells us whether it behaves like a solenoid or not?
Core Losses
Since the iron core itself, as well as the coils, is cut by the expanding and contracting magnetic field, a current is induced here, too. As this eddy current flows in the core, it steals energy from the primary circuit and dissipates it as useless heat. The eddy current flows at right angles to the magnetic flux. It can be reduced by substituting several thin layers of iron for the solid core. These thin layers - laminations - are separated by layers of glue which electrically insulate the laminations from each other. In practice, a small eddy current is set up separately in each lamination, but the total loss is much less than for a solid-core transformer.
Still another core loss is caused by the alternating current itself. Since this current reverses its direction 120 times a second, the iron core - in effect, an electromagnet - must continually reverse its polarity. And since the minute magnetic elements in the core tend to resist this change, power must be expended to realign them. This is called hysteresis loss. Engineers reduce it by building transformer cores of steels which change magnetic polarity with comparative ease, so that less power is consumed in making the switch.
UtsavRaj said:"One part of the current is due to the secondary current being "reflected" to the primary."
I do not get this.
Magnetising current is reactive current. It is not real power therefore it is not a real loss, apart from primary series resistance which is very small.UtsavRaj said:An explanation on magnetising current and it's losses please. I cannot find anything about it for some reason.
Baluncore said:Before I comment I need to:
1. See a definitive data set with the decimal points in the correct places.
2. Know what colour (temperature) the filament lamp glows at the highest currents.
3. Know the primary exciting current when there is no filament of other load present.
Without that there will be confusion.
thank youjim hardy said:from an old magazine article he thankfully saved
i'm really confused.UtsavRaj said:As I thought the effency-voltage graph looked like an inverse-inverse relationship (1/x =1/y) (The last graph with no title)
But shouldn't it go through origin?