Why We Step Up Voltage for Long-Distance Power Transmissions

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SUMMARY

Stepping up voltage for long-distance power transmission is essential to minimize power loss. The relationship between current and power loss is defined by the formula P = I²R, where P represents power loss, I is current, and R is resistance. By increasing voltage, current decreases, leading to significantly reduced power dissipation as heat in the conductors. This principle is crucial for efficient energy transmission over extensive distances.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of electrical power formulas, specifically P = IV and P = I²R.
  • Knowledge of electrical resistance and its impact on energy loss.
  • Familiarity with high-voltage transmission systems.
  • Basic principles of electricity and circuits.
NEXT STEPS
  • Research high-voltage transmission techniques and their applications.
  • Explore the impact of conductor materials on resistance and power loss.
  • Learn about transformer technology for stepping up voltage.
  • Investigate the role of power factor in long-distance transmission efficiency.
USEFUL FOR

Electrical engineers, power system designers, and students studying electrical engineering principles related to energy transmission.

gubretaw
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I have an assignment that requires me to discuss why do we step up voltage when transmitting power over long distance.

I was told that in having a high voltage you have a low current, which then reduces the power loss. What I do not understand is how does low current relates to the reduction in power loss?
 
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The resistance of a conductor converts electric energy into heat energy (via the collisions of the electrons with the metal lattice). If we use P = IV and V = IR we can show that the power dissapated by the resistance is given P = I^{2}R. Therefore, lowering the current, reduces the power loss.

~H
 
Adding to what Hootenanny said, you might also want to visit this site.
http://www.bsharp.org/physics/stuff/xmission.html"
 
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