I managed to find one anecdotal reference to adrenaline causing a metallic taste. It is also mentioned in a medical journal in association with toxicity due to lidocaine w/epinephrine [adrenaline], but it wasn't clear which was the cause. It is a close match to what I was thinking, and since the two drugs are apparently always given together, it seems a bit coincidental that I would be wrong about this. Still, I didn't find anything stating explicitly what I was expecting - that large releases of adrenaline can cause a metallic taste in one's mouth.
Shooting from the hip...what about ozone? Ozone has a metallic odor. I could see the fire fighters smelling burning metal, but what about the Enola Gay crewman? Could air be sufficiently ionized at that distance so as to produce detectable levels of ozone?
Something else that Integral brought up was all of the above ground testing done in Nevada in the 50's? Someone would have reported this. Of course, this could be well known to some people but who else would know? On the other hand, what were the levels of exposure of any Nevada group as compared to air crewman or the fire fighters. Most personnel on the scene at Chernobyl received lethal levels of exposure.