Non-inverting amplifiers have a positive gain, meaning the output signal retains the same sign as the input signal. In contrast, inverting amplifiers produce a negative output for a positive input, resulting in a negative gain. The distinction lies in the phase relationship between input and output signals, with non-inverting amplifiers maintaining phase and inverting amplifiers reversing it. Understanding these differences is crucial for applications in electronics. This knowledge aids in selecting the appropriate amplifier type for specific circuit designs.