- #1
Jarek Duda
- 2
- 0
Here is simple counter example to 2nd law of thermodynamics -
converting heat into work.
Everything is in vacuum, without gravity:
Take a tube with interior covered with mirror.
Fix two transparent separators inside and place hot gas between them.
Now place two mirrors on both sides, which can freely move inside the
tube.
Some of thermal infrared photons will be bounced by a mirror - giving
part of own momentum, thanks of momentum conservation law.
The heat of the gas will be slowly converted into momentum of mirrors,
which can be converted into work.
Finally after infinity time temperature will drop to zero and there
will be no photons.
Above example uses that despite that kinetic energy of molecules
behave randomly, each one has specific movement/oscillation, which
energy can be changed into ordered one - electromagnetic oscillation
of photon.
Thermodynamics of photons is very 'simplified' - they don't interact
with each other, so they don't equilibrate their energies, increase
their randomness. They also vanish when their energy goes to 0.
Are there any problems with this counter example?
The real question is if it can be used in practice - there are made
nanoantennas to catch thermal infrared:
www.physorg.com/news137648388.html
Can it be changed into electricity without difference of
temperatures?
The problem is with diodes which looks like Maxwell's demons...
converting heat into work.
Everything is in vacuum, without gravity:
Take a tube with interior covered with mirror.
Fix two transparent separators inside and place hot gas between them.
Now place two mirrors on both sides, which can freely move inside the
tube.
Some of thermal infrared photons will be bounced by a mirror - giving
part of own momentum, thanks of momentum conservation law.
The heat of the gas will be slowly converted into momentum of mirrors,
which can be converted into work.
Finally after infinity time temperature will drop to zero and there
will be no photons.
Above example uses that despite that kinetic energy of molecules
behave randomly, each one has specific movement/oscillation, which
energy can be changed into ordered one - electromagnetic oscillation
of photon.
Thermodynamics of photons is very 'simplified' - they don't interact
with each other, so they don't equilibrate their energies, increase
their randomness. They also vanish when their energy goes to 0.
Are there any problems with this counter example?
The real question is if it can be used in practice - there are made
nanoantennas to catch thermal infrared:
www.physorg.com/news137648388.html
Can it be changed into electricity without difference of
temperatures?
The problem is with diodes which looks like Maxwell's demons...