Why do smaller particles travel faster in gel electrophoresis?

In summary, the conversation is about electrophoresis and whether all particles are accelerated at the same rate. The question raises the possibility of different particle sizes affecting their resistance to the force. The answer suggests that in a steady state situation, the electrophoretic force is opposed by another counteracting force and this force may depend on particle size.
  • #1
sameeralord
662
3
Hello guys,

Sorry it is electrophoresis

In electrophoresis is a similar electromotive force applied to all particles or are all particles accelerated at the same rate?

What I mean is let's say if every particle gets 10N.

F=ma and bigger particle would travel slower. So can't I include this in the answer. If they are only accelerated at the same rate I can understand how different particles would have different resistances?

So is the answer F=ma?

Thank you! :smile:
 
Last edited:
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  • #2
Think about the steady state situation where each particle is traveling at a constant velocity. The electrophoretic force must be opposed by another counteracting force. What is this force, and how might it depend on particle size?
 

1. Why do smaller particles travel faster in gel electrophoresis?

The speed at which particles travel in gel electrophoresis is determined by their size and charge. Smaller particles have less mass and therefore experience less resistance from the gel matrix, allowing them to move faster.

2. How does the charge of a particle affect its speed in gel electrophoresis?

The charge of a particle plays a significant role in its speed in gel electrophoresis. Particles with a higher charge will experience a stronger force from the electric field and will therefore travel faster through the gel.

3. Can larger particles be made to travel faster in gel electrophoresis?

No, the speed of particles in gel electrophoresis is determined by their size and charge. Even if a larger particle has a higher charge, it will still experience more resistance from the gel matrix and will not be able to travel as fast as smaller particles.

4. Why is gel electrophoresis used for separating DNA fragments?

Gel electrophoresis is an effective method for separating DNA fragments because DNA molecules have a negative charge and can be easily separated by size using an electric field. The gel matrix acts as a molecular sieve, allowing smaller fragments to travel further than larger fragments.

5. Is the speed of particles in gel electrophoresis affected by the strength of the electric field?

Yes, the speed of particles in gel electrophoresis is directly proportional to the strength of the electric field. A stronger electric field will exert a greater force on the particles, causing them to travel faster through the gel.

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