An electromagnetic wave is a type of energy that is created when an electric field and a magnetic field interact with each other. These waves are characterized by their frequency, wavelength, and amplitude.
When an electromagnetic wave encounters a boundary between two different media, it can either be transmitted, reflected, or absorbed. The amount of each depends on the properties of the media and the angle at which the wave hits the boundary.
Reflection occurs when an electromagnetic wave bounces off a boundary between two media, while refraction occurs when the wave changes direction and speed as it passes through the boundary. The amount of refraction depends on the angle at which the wave hits the boundary and the properties of the media.
The speed of an electromagnetic wave changes when it travels through different media because each medium has a different index of refraction. This is a measure of how much the speed of light decreases when it passes through a particular medium. The higher the index of refraction, the slower the speed of light in that medium.
The frequency and wavelength of an electromagnetic wave are inversely proportional. This means that as the frequency increases, the wavelength decreases, and vice versa. This relationship is described by the equation λ=c/f, where λ is the wavelength, c is the speed of light, and f is the frequency.