Why does an open ended column reflect sound?

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Sound waves traveling down an open-ended column, like a clarinet or vocal tract, reflect at the open end due to an impedance mismatch, which causes pressure variations that affect the surrounding air. This mismatch results in some energy being reflected back into the column, leading to constructive or destructive interference with subsequent waves. Changes in the shape or end of the pipe alter the pressure and velocity of the gas, causing reflections. To eliminate these reflections, the open end would need to match the conditions of an extended pipe. Understanding these principles is crucial for grasping how sound behaves in various acoustic environments.
BigMacnFries
I am reading about how sound waves traveling down a column that is open at one end (clarinet, vocal tract etc). Apparently when they reach the open end some are reflected and interfere constructively or destructivly with subsequent waves in the column. My question is why are the sound waves reflected at all at the end of the column, its not like there is a thick solid to bounce against.
Thanks
 
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In effect there is an impedance mismatch at the end of the column. Basically, it means that the pressure variations at the end of the column end up pushing and pulling a noticeably larger mass of air.
 
Can you please explain more, I don't understand. Thanks
 
BigMacnFries said:
Can you please explain more, I don't understand. Thanks

Whenever the pipe changes shape or ends, the pressue and velocity ratio
of the moving gass changes. At such a change there will always be
some energy reflected backward. In free space this is how radars work,
and in pipes this is why you hear strange echoes from very long pipes.

The only way to prevent a reflection is to have the open end presented
with the same conditions as occurr when you place another identical pipe
to the end, i.e. extending the pipe.
 
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Link was excellent, thanks Tide
 
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