The Russian Revolution was a period of political and social revolution that took place in the former Russian Empire and began during the First World War. Commencing in 1917 with the fall of the House of Romanov and concluding in 1923 with the Bolshevik establishment of the Soviet Union (at the end of the Russian Civil War), the Russian Revolution was a series of two revolutions: the first of which overthrew the imperial government and the second placed the Bolsheviks in power.
Beginning with the February Revolution in 1917, the first revolt focused in and around the then-capital Petrograd (now Saint Petersburg). After major military losses during the war, the Russian Army had reverted to mutiny. In response, members of Russia's parliament (called the Duma) assumed control of the country, and went on to form the Russian Provisional Government. This government was dominated by the interests of prominent capitalists, as well as the Russian nobility and aristocracy.
The army's leadership believed that they did not have the means to suppress the revolution, and this caused the Tsar of the Russian Empire, Nicholas II, to step down from his throne. Grassroots community assemblies (called Soviets), dominated by soldiers and urban industrial proletariats initially permitted the new Provisional Government to rule, but they insisted on a prerogative (privilege) in order to influence the government and to control various militias. A period of dual power ensued, where the Provisional Government held state power while the network of Soviets, led by socialists, had the allegiance of the lower classes, as well as, increasingly, the left-leaning urban middle class.
During this chaotic period, there were frequent mutinies, protests and strikes. Many socialist political organizations were engaged in daily struggle and vied for influence within the Duma and the Soviets, central among which were the Bolsheviks ("Ones of the Majority") led by Vladimir Lenin. He campaigned for an immediate end to Russia's participation in the war, granting land to the peasants, and providing bread to the urban workers. When the Provisional Government chose to continue fighting the war with Germany, the Bolsheviks and other socialist factions exploited the virtually universal disdain towards the war effort as justification to advance the revolution further. The Bolsheviks turned workers' militias under their control into the Red Guards (later the Red Army), over which they exerted substantial control.The situation climaxed with the October Revolution in 1917, a Bolshevik-led armed insurrection by workers and soldiers in Petrograd that successfully overthrew the Provisional Government, transferring all its authority to the Soviets. They soon relocated the national capital to Moscow. The Bolsheviks had secured a strong base of support within the Soviets and, as the supreme governing party, established a federal government dedicated to reorganizing the former empire into the world's first socialist state, to practice soviet democracy on a national and international scale. Their promise to end Russia's participation in the First World War was fulfilled when the Bolshevik leaders signed the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk with Germany in March 1918. To further secure the new state, the Bolsheviks established the Cheka, a secret police that functioned as a revolutionary security service to weed out, execute, or punish those considered to be "enemies of the people" in campaigns consciously modeled on those of the French Revolution.
Soon after, civil war erupted among the "Reds" (Bolsheviks), the "Whites" (counter-revolutionaries), the independence movements, and other socialist factions opposed to the Bolsheviks. It continued for several years, during which the Bolsheviks defeated both the Whites and all rival socialists. Victorious, they reconstituted themselves as the Communist Party. They also established Soviet power in the newly independent republics of Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Georgia and Ukraine. They brought these jurisdictions into unification under the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) in 1922. While many notable historical events occurred in Moscow and Petrograd, there were also major changes in cities throughout the state, and among national minorities throughout the empire and in the rural areas, where peasants took over and redistributed land.
I recently have become aware of some old Soviet/Russian "classics" and am interested in learning more! It seems the style of the books I have found are always comprehensive but precise and to the point, much like Landau's Course in Theoretical Physics, and I appreciate this style.
The ones I...
Dau--film about Russian physicist Lev Landau 1908-1968
The film-maker is Khrzhanovsky
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilya_Khrzhanovsky
Here is the Cannes Film Festival page about the Landau film ("Dau")
http://www.festival-cannes.com/en/cinefoundation/ficheFilmAtelier/id/4347979/year/2006.html...
Hi,
I have tried to find following paper which is a Russian paper (translated to English), please let me know where I can find it.
L.P. Gor'kov, J. Expt. Theor. Phys. (U.S.S.R) 34, 735 (1958)
Sov. Phys. JETP 7, 505 (1958)
I have the same problem with other translated Russian publication...
Homework Statement
My professor was explaining that he has a several thousand page, Russian book of integrals in his office for solving for practice. Has anyone ever heard of it, or even know the title of the book. I just want to be able to google search it and see how much it costs...
If I wanted to become a theoretical physicist, would it be useful to learn russian?
It's a fairly easy language for me, as my native language is czech which is very similar. I somehow have a feeling that they have some good research centers or accelerators. It's not that it's my dream to work...
Where we should talk about great Russian Lit.
EG
I'm reading Crime and Punishment and Notes from Underground right now. Is Brothers Karamazov more similar in style to C&P or Underground?
http://news.yahoo.com/s/nm/20101111/wl_nm/us_russia_usa_spies" .
Of particularly note is the following quote from the article:
"Espionage historian Phillip Knightley said the report should be viewed in the context of the smoke and mirror world of Moscow's spy agencies. "How do we know it...
Russian spy claims David Kelly was "exterminated"
http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-1297444/KGB-agent-Boris-Karpichkovs-claim-David-Kelly-exterminated-faces-probe.html
Has anyone else seen this? I've always regarded his death as very suspicious, and this seems just to be further...
limit from some russian book: lmt--0 [(1+mx)^n-(1+nx)^m]/x^2
Hey guys, I'm newbie in calculus, while doing a quick reading of my problem's book i find this interesting limit:
Homework Statement
solve the following limit when x tend to zero,
m and n belong to the set of naturals...
Just thought I'd share this and must admit that I definitely would not have done the same:
Mathematician Rejected $1 Million Prize "Because It Is Unfair"
I just read the following article, from 2007:
I find that pretty worrying, but oddly enough, there is hardly any other information to be found on this subject. The only other articles I can find link back to this one, so I wonder, is this just sensationalist reporting or is there some truth...
Hey! Any1 knows anything about Russia's education system or some russians here could explain to me what the hell are they teaching you in school that you guys are simply dominating math/computer science competition, I'm just amazed at the results. My exact question would be: What is the learning...
Well we know what matryoshka dolls are? Those nested dolls one inside another. I am a mere laymen and amateur that's why I am using descriptive terms instead of math rigor. So what should the approach be:
If RH nest Hilbert-Polya conjecture, then what things nest HP conjecture? And ad...
Is it good to study Physics (Bachelor Degree) in Russian Universities?
Which university is the best in Physics in Russia?
How can I determine which branch of Physics should I study?
Is it a must to learn Russian in order to attend the lecture?
Is there any class that will use English...
Hi,
My question is about Russian roulette, a lethal game of chance. In brief, the participant place a single round in a revolver cylinder (which has 6 chambers), spins the cylinder, place the muzzle against his head and pull the trigger. For detailed information please follow this link -...
How will the USA react ? From watching CNN, I'm a bit confused - will the USA try to act as a mediator between Russia and Georgia, or will it stand firmly on Georgia's side ? What are your predictions ?
hi i was wondering about the russian helicopter death ray and if it was based on the russian multi beam klystrons and all in one technology. does it use tesla multi beam technology?
thanks
http://jalopnik.com/cars/siberian-screwjob/in-russia-zil-screws-you-273231.php
The US made one of these but I couldn't find any file footage.
The videos are slow to load but do work eventually.
I know it isn't generally kosher to link other forums, but this is just too crazy to pass up. An astrophotographer in Perth happened to be out taking a wide-angle picture of just the right part of the sky when a Russian rocket booster exploded and fell to earth. The pic is a single 30 minute...
we are currently studying russia in history, particularly the 1905 and 1917 revolutions, as well as war communism 1918-1921. I'm interested in any opinions regarding this period.
for discussion, things like:
- the romanov family
- particularly anastacia, whether she really did die in the...
Rather sad if it's true.
By DANIEL WOOLLS, Associated Press Writer
Tue Aug 22, 6:20 PM ET
MADRID, Spain - A reclusive Russian won the math world's highest honor Tuesday for solving a problem that has stumped some of the discipline's greatest minds for a century — but he refused the...
http://video.google.ca/videoplay?docid=-4468185100897567649&q=ufo
Looks scetchy to me, the cylinder thing doesn't even look solid. Almost transparent like some kind of shadow.
Me + Curling = Russian Roulette
It is as boring as i always thought it would be. How could this be an olympic sport? How could this be a sport? How can people cheer this crap on? Anyone have any paint they need to be monitored?
I'm watching a program on discovery channel now about a girl in russain bloc who can actually, get this, see through people and diagnoise their problems! She lives in poverty, and people come to her from all over russia for help since some of the doctors there cannot help her.
Has anyone else...
A Russian sub is stuck on the bottom of the ocean, prop cought up in fishing net and cable. 190 meters deep, food and water for 5 days..but air? Maybe only as little as 2 days.
Dosen't someone have some kind of rescue-bot..like a ALVIN that could cut them free? Like the ones they used to film...
I remember watching the BBC news seeing a sickle and a hammer in a Russian army march in front of Putin and George Bush.
My question is: Is the russian Flag the red, blue and white stripes? OR is there something I'm not aware of?
Years ago on the now defunct show Beyond 2000 there was a prototype aircraft being built in Russia that had no wings as such. Its shell had rectangle holes in it that I guess let air get in and flow over tiny internal wings or something. Anyone know what I'm talking about? It was big but not as...
For once, I almost agree with Ben-Ariel. (Zero, I think I need my medication now...)
Russia does have, in my mind, a number of problems right now.
(1) The questionable activity regarding the forthcoming elections - one party crushed, another opponent imprisioned...
(2) The lack of...
Does Russia need an IMPERIAL RESTORATION complete with Tsar to counter the imminent EUROPEAN IMPERIAL RESTORATION complete with wannabe divine EMPEROR?
Watch for dormant European monarchs to be revived by a pope to support his elect for the highest office in Germany's Fourth Reich aka EU...
It has been said that a russian company has provided Iraq with a system that destroys GPS navagational status of onboard cruise missiles, rendering the missile to be co-ordinless?
As the first of these missiles that have been 'un-guided', how simple is it to actually 'jam' GPS sytems?..is it...