Can a DC motor be made with one magnet?

In summary, a DC motor works by passing a current through a coil within a magnetic field, causing the coil to spin. This can be achieved with only one magnet, but using two magnets allows for more efficient and stronger torque.
  • #1
Gersty
47
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In a DC motor as I understand it, a current is passed through a coil of wire within a magnetic field. The magnetic field exerts a force on the current perpendicular to the direction of the current. This force causes the coil to spin. Is the coil is between the north and south poles of 2 magnets. Can the motor work if there is only one magnet? single magnet still produces a magnetic field. Would the field produced by one magnet be too weak?
 
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  • #3
A DC motor works by alternating the attraction and repulsion of the Electromagnet created by the coil.
Here's an image showing the motor at one point of its rotation.
motor1.png

The two arcs are the commutator and are wired to the coil of the armature. The small rectangles are the brushes an are wired to the DC source (not shown)
Here, the current through the brushes and commutator, energize the coil to produce the North and South Poles shown. these are attracted to the respective South and North Poles of the two magnets shown, rotating the armature counter-clockwise.
Eventually the poles align but then the brushes are at the gaps of the commutator, the coil shuts off, and momentum continues the rotation of the armature past the alignment.
When the brushes make contact again, the polarity of the coil is reversed like this:
motor2.png

Now the coil is repulsed by the magnet pole it is near and attracted to the opposite magnet. Once the coil rotates to line up with those poles, the brushes hit the gap again, reverse coil polarity...

You could do this with just one magnet, but then you would be wasting the other pole of the coil and reducing the torque of the motor.
 

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1. Can a DC motor be made with only one magnet?

Yes, it is possible to make a DC motor with only one magnet. This type of motor is known as a homopolar motor, which uses the principle of magnetic field interaction to produce motion.

2. How does a DC motor with one magnet work?

A DC motor with one magnet works by using the principle of electromagnetic induction. When an electric current is passed through a coil of wire, it creates a magnetic field around the wire. This magnetic field interacts with the magnetic field of the single permanent magnet, causing the coil to rotate and produce motion.

3. What are the advantages of using a DC motor with one magnet?

One of the main advantages of using a DC motor with one magnet is its simplicity. With fewer components, it is easier to manufacture and maintain. Additionally, it can operate at high speeds and has a high power-to-weight ratio.

4. Are there any limitations to using a DC motor with one magnet?

Yes, there are limitations to using a DC motor with one magnet. It is not suitable for applications that require precise control or variable speeds. It also has a lower torque compared to motors with multiple magnets, making it less suitable for heavy-duty applications.

5. Can a DC motor with one magnet be used in real-world applications?

Yes, DC motors with one magnet can be used in various real-world applications. They are commonly used in small electronic devices, such as toys, fans, and small appliances. They are also used in some industrial applications, such as in electric cars and generators.

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