The depth of a crater is determined by the impact energy of the object, the properties of the impacting object and the surface it is impacting, and the angle of impact.
The factors that affect the depth of a crater include the mass and velocity of the impacting object, the density and strength of the surface it is impacting, and the angle of impact.
The angle of impact plays a significant role in determining the depth of a crater. A more oblique angle of impact will result in a shallower crater, while a more perpendicular angle of impact will result in a deeper crater.
While there are equations and models that can estimate the depth of a crater, it is difficult to predict the exact depth as it can vary depending on the properties of the impacting object and surface, as well as other factors such as atmospheric conditions.
The depth of a crater is often used in impact studies and risk assessments for structures and vehicles. It can also be used to determine the severity of an impact and the potential damage it may cause.