Radioistope Power Systems (RPS) and Pu-238

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Radioisotope Power Systems - NASA One Step Closer to Fueling Space Missions with Plutonium-238
https://rps.nasa.gov/news/99/nasa-one-step-closer-to-fueling-space-missions-with-plutonium-238/
The recent shipment of heat source plutonium-238 from the U.S. Department of Energy’s (DOE’s) Oak Ridge National Laboratory to its Los Alamos National Laboratory is a critical step toward fueling planned NASA missions with radioisotope power systems.

This shipment of 0.5 kilograms (a little over 1 pound) of new heat source plutonium oxide is the largest since the domestic restart of plutonium-238 production over a decade ago. It marks a significant milestone toward achieving the constant rate production average target of 1.5 kilograms per year by 2026.

Radioisotope power systems, or RPS, enable exploration of some of the deepest, darkest, and most distant destinations in the solar system and beyond. RPS use the natural decay of the radioisotope plutonium-238 to provide heat to a spacecraft in the form of a Light Weight Radioisotope Heater Unit (LWRHU), or heat and electricity in the form of a system such as the Multi-Mission Radioisotope Thermoelectric Generator (MMRTG).

https://rps.nasa.gov/technology/

US DOE - What is a RPS? It basically uses decay heat (from nuclear decay) instead of a sustained fission chain reaction. The RPS is perpetually on, since decay cannot be stopped.
https://www.energy.gov/ne/articles/what-radioisotope-power-system

How it is reported in the media
https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/tech...eignites-nasa-s-deep-space-dreams/ar-AA1klW9O
 
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What is a Radioisotope Power System (RPS)?

A Radioisotope Power System (RPS) is a type of nuclear energy source that uses the heat released by the decay of a radioactive isotope to generate electricity. These systems are particularly useful for providing power in remote or harsh environments, such as space missions, where solar power is not viable.

Why is Plutonium-238 (Pu-238) used in RPS?

Pu-238 is preferred for use in RPS because of its high power density and its ability to produce heat through radioactive decay for several decades. This makes it an ideal energy source for long-duration space missions. Pu-238 generates steady heat that can be converted into electricity, providing a reliable power supply.

How safe are Radioisotope Power Systems?

RPS are designed with multiple layers of safety to contain the radioactive material even under extreme conditions, such as a rocket explosion. The materials used to encase the radioactive isotopes are incredibly robust, ensuring that they do not release radiation into the environment during normal operation or accidents.

What are the applications of RPS?

RPS are primarily used in space exploration missions. They power spacecraft, rovers, and landers when solar energy is insufficient, such as on missions to distant planets or locations with limited sunlight exposure like the outer solar system or shaded lunar craters. They have been used in famous missions, including the Voyager probes and the Mars rovers.

How is Pu-238 produced and what are the challenges associated with its production?

Pu-238 is produced by irradiating Neptunium-237 in a nuclear reactor. One of the main challenges in producing Pu-238 is the limited number of facilities capable of manufacturing it, which makes it relatively scarce and expensive. Additionally, the process requires significant safety measures due to the highly radioactive nature of the materials involved.

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