Yes, charges can stay inside a wire as long as it is a conductor. Conductors have free electrons that can move freely within the material, allowing charges to flow through the wire.
Charges on the surface of a conductor will distribute themselves evenly along the surface. This is known as electrostatic equilibrium, where the electric field inside the conductor is zero.
Charges stay on the surface of a conductor because of the repulsion between like charges. The charges spread out as far away from each other as possible, resulting in a uniform distribution on the surface.
Yes, charges can move from the inside of a wire to the surface. This is known as the skin effect, where charges tend to move towards the outer surface of a conductor when exposed to high-frequency currents.
The distribution of charges on a conductor's surface is affected by the shape and size of the conductor, the material it is made of, and the presence of other charges or objects nearby. The larger the surface area, the more evenly the charges will distribute themselves.