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nate808
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I am currently having a lot of troublw with delta-epsilon proofs--can someone please help explain how they work and how to do them
Thanks
Thanks
HallsofIvy said:I assume that by "[itex]\delta, \epsilon[/itex] proofs", you mean proving that a limit is correct by using the basic definition:
" [itex]lim_{x->a}= L[/itex] if and only if, for any [itex]\epsilon[/itex]> 0, there exist [itex]\delta[/itex]> 0 such that is |x-a|< [itex]\delta[/itex] then |f(x)-L|< [itex]\epsilon[/itex]".
A fairly standard way to do that is to start from |f(x)-L|< [itex]\epsilon[/itex] and do whatever algebra is necessary to reduce to |x-a|< something. Then you can take whatever is on the right side as [itex]\delta[/itex].
For example: show that the limit, as x- 2, of f(x)= 3x- 4 is 2:
We must have |f(x)-L|= |3x-4-2|<[itex]\epsilon[/itex]. |3x- 4- 2|= |3x-6|= 3|x-2|. So that is the same as 3|x-2|< [itex]\epsilon[/itex] or |x-2|<[itex]\frac{\epsilon}{3}[/itex]. Clearly there exist such a [itex]\delta[/itex], just take it equal to itex]\frac{\epsilon}{3}[/itex]. Strictly speaking, an actual proof would be to do everything backwards: Take [itex]\delta[/itex]= itex]\frac{\epsilon}{3}[/itex], the work back to |f(x)-L|< itex]\frac{\epsilon}{3}[/itex]. Since every step we took was clearly reversible, normally, you don't have to write that.
HallsofIvy said:I assume that by "[itex]\delta, \epsilon[/itex] proofs", you mean proving that a limit is correct by using the basic definition:
" [itex]lim_{x->a}= L[/itex] if and only if, for any [itex]\epsilon[/itex]> 0, there exist [itex]\delta[/itex]> 0 such that is |x-a|< [itex]\delta[/itex] then |f(x)-L|< [itex]\epsilon[/itex]".
A fairly standard way to do that is to start from |f(x)-L|< [itex]\epsilon[/itex] and do whatever algebra is necessary to reduce to |x-a|< something.
Johnny Numbers said:I like this example but I think you left out something. f(a) might not be equal to L if there was a discontinuity there. So we should say that 0 < |x - a| < [itex]\delta[/itex] so that x can't be equal to a.
Handwaving!quasar987 said:What are the other ways ?
It's like a science experiment. How precise do we need to make our instruments in order to achieve an error of less than 1%? The goal is not to achieve an error of 1% (at least I hope not!), it's to ensure that whatever error we get is less than 1%.Nutterbutterz said:Perhaps this is a dumb question, but why do we use the inequality |f(x)-L|< E rather than |f(x)-L|≤ E ? If we are trying to get within Epsilon of our limit (L) than why not fit the mark exactly?
Nutterbutterz said:Perhaps this is a dumb question, but why do we use the inequality |f(x)-L|< E rather than |f(x)-L|≤ E ? If we are trying to get within Epsilon of our limit (L) than why not fit the mark exactly?
Delta-epsilon proofs, also known as epsilon-delta proofs, are a type of mathematical proof used to prove the limit of a function. They are commonly used in calculus and analysis to show that a function approaches a specific value as the input approaches a certain value.
In delta-epsilon proofs, two small values, delta (δ) and epsilon (ε), are used to represent the distance between the input and the limit value, and the distance between the output and the limit value, respectively. By manipulating the values of delta and epsilon, the proof can be used to show that the output of the function will always be within a certain distance of the limit value for any given input.
Delta-epsilon proofs are important because they provide a rigorous mathematical method for proving the limit of a function. They are used extensively in higher-level mathematics and are an essential tool for understanding and solving problems in calculus and analysis.
One of the main challenges when using delta-epsilon proofs is determining the appropriate values for delta and epsilon. It can be difficult to find the right balance between the two values to ensure that the proof is valid. Additionally, understanding the concept of limits and how they relate to delta and epsilon can also be challenging for some students.
There are some alternative methods to prove limits, such as using the definition of a limit or using the squeeze theorem. However, delta-epsilon proofs are considered the most rigorous and widely used method for proving limits in calculus and analysis.