Why doesn't sinc(x) converge to Gaussian upon repeated convolution?

In summary, the conversation discusses the central limit theorem and its application to repeated convolution with certain conditions. The person also asks about the convergence to Gaussian and the other person mentions that sinc(x) is not a density function, so convolution should not converge to a Gaussian.
  • #1
skynelson
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TL;DR Summary
Repeated convolution tends, under certain conditions, to Gaussian distribution. Why doesn't this apply to sinc(x)?
Hello,
I've read that repeated convolution tends, under certain conditions, to Gaussian distribution. I found this description helpful, and Wikipedia's version of this says:

The central limit theorem states that if x is in L1 and L2 with mean zero and variance ##σ^2##, then
$$P\left(\frac{x^{*n}}{\sigma \sqrt{n}}\right)\rightarrow \Phi(\beta)$$
where ##\Phi(\beta)## is a standard normal distribution on the real line.

But if I apply a low pass filter, ##rect(t/\Delta t)## to an arbitrary distribution, ##\Psi##, twice in a row, I obtain,
$$rect(t/\Delta t)rect(t/\Delta t)\Psi = rect(t/\Delta t)\Psi$$ because the rect function acting twice doesn't change anything.

But through the convolution theorem this is equivalent to
$$\mathcal{F}^{-1}(sinc(\omega \Delta t) \ast sinc(\omega \Delta t) \ast \tilde{\Psi})$$
where ##\tilde{\Psi}## is the Fourier transform of the distribution.

So, because the rect function acting twice does nothing, the sinc function convolving twice doesn't change either. So ##n## convolutions of ##sinc()## will always spit back the same (non-Gaussian) result.

Is my understanding of the convergence to Gaussian incorrect or incomplete?
 
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  • #2
I didn't follow what you are doing. However, sinc(x) is not a density function - it has negative values, so convolution shouldn't converge to a Gaussian.
 
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1. Why is it important to understand why sinc(x) does not converge to Gaussian upon repeated convolution?

Understanding the behavior of mathematical functions is crucial in various scientific fields, including signal processing, statistics, and physics. Knowing why sinc(x) does not converge to Gaussian upon repeated convolution can help researchers accurately model and analyze data, make predictions, and develop new theories.

2. What is the difference between sinc(x) and Gaussian functions?

Sinc(x) and Gaussian functions are both commonly used in mathematics and physics, but they have distinct characteristics. Sinc(x) is a periodic function with infinitely many zero crossings, while Gaussian is a non-periodic function with a bell-shaped curve. Additionally, sinc(x) has a long tail, while Gaussian decays rapidly.

3. How does convolution affect the shape of sinc(x) and Gaussian functions?

Convolution is a mathematical operation that combines two functions to create a new function. When sinc(x) and Gaussian functions are convolved, the resulting function has a different shape from its individual components. The shape of the resulting function depends on the properties of the original functions and the convolution process.

4. Can you explain the mathematical reason why sinc(x) does not converge to Gaussian upon repeated convolution?

The mathematical reason for this lies in the properties of the Fourier transform. The Fourier transform of sinc(x) is a rectangular function, while the Fourier transform of Gaussian is also Gaussian. When these functions are convolved, the resulting function is the product of their Fourier transforms, which is a sinc function. Repeated convolutions will continue to produce sinc functions, and the resulting function will never converge to a Gaussian.

5. Are there any practical applications for understanding why sinc(x) does not converge to Gaussian upon repeated convolution?

Yes, this understanding has practical applications in various fields such as digital signal processing, image processing, and probability theory. For example, in signal processing, sinc functions are used to design filters, and knowing their behavior upon repeated convolution is crucial for creating accurate and efficient filters. In probability theory, this understanding can help in modeling and analyzing non-Gaussian distributions.

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