The net force acting on the particle at (x,y) is k√(x2+y2) .
F=k√(x2+y2)
The component of this force along x-axis is Fx
Fx=k√(x2+y2) * x/√(x2+y2)=kx.
From this we can infer that the x coordinate is oscillating. Amplitude is x0. At t=0 x=x0 therefore x=x0cos(ωt).
Similarly we can derive y0cos(ωt).