Basically, it is a mapping from a disk to a 3-sphere (hypersphere) - a point (x2,x3,x4) in R3 is mapped to the 3-sphere by (sqrt(1-x2^2-x3^3-x4^),x2,x3,x4)=(x1,x2,x3,x4). I need the magnitude of the gradient to see how evenly or how far apart the points are mapped, but using the first expression...