You are on the right track, but I sense that you are still confused here and missing the point. Why it did not worked for you, when you tried to trace "new rays" from virtual image? Theoretically it should work. There are no "new rays" from the image, but there are infinite number of rays from...
Virtual images are virtual, they do not exist in real life, these are only illusions. And I am not kidding here :).
When you put a lens in front of the object and the lens creates virtual image, this lens creates the illusion that an object is in different place and/or in different size than it...
Just look at the first formula:
φ = 2π*d*sinθ/λ
θ - could be in radians or degrees - it does not matter because if it is radians, your calculate sinθ in (rad) mode, if it is degrees - then in deg mode. You will get the same result. Now what is φ. See the 2π in the formula. If you insert 3.14...
In physic's formulas everything is in radians. Forget the degree. The π is 3.14. Period. So my suggestion is to always calculate everything in radians (and turn calculator mode to rad). Degrees are used only when you need to visualize angles of the triangle, because we are more comfortable to...
Most often when I see two beams instead of one I check the mirrors in the beam deliverysystem. These maybe inserted upside down (coating side down). Mirrors have coatings only on one side and other side is substrate. If you are not careful you can easily mix the sides. When this happens you will...
Move the camera up and down and check if the distance between spots changes in the image. If there is some reflection from camera optics, the smaller (reflected spot) should jiggle randomly and disappear when your main laser beam hits the lens on optical axis. If you distance is almost constant...
You are totally correct. The same thing applies to many different physical quantities and laws. Just take for example vacuum permittivity and permeability. They are just unit conversion coefficients (k) like Dale pointed out. Once there was a discussion how to choose these coefficients wisely to...
If interference effects are not deadly to you just add a bunch of microscope slides (with air spaces) somewhere in collimated laser path at some angle (approx. 45 degree). Each reflection will attenuate about 10 % of light if the incidence is s-polarized light (simply just rotate the slide and...
I guess there are many tricks to hide a message and then "decrypt" it with glasses. Most obvious are using luminous marking - a dye that slightly reduces reflection of some particular color, when you wear glasses with filters the marking become obvious (a technique used by card cheaters); also...
It is quite simple. The "secret" image is drawn with special paint, that reflects only polarized light, while all other painting is drawn with ordinary paint. When you look at the painting it is hard to distinguish secret image as your eyes are not sensitive to polarization state (a lot of light...
There are no atmospheric pressure in the tube - it is closed tube and that white area at the top is vacuum. Therefore if you press liquid at the point B (atmospheric pressure), liquid will climb the tube at point A due to Pascal's law, until it counter weights the pressure;( here p*g*h is a...
I am not sure. It is rather basic effects and you can refer to any optics textbook (Fresnel equation, Brewster angle, polarization). There are myriads of papers on laser cutting experiments where you can read about polarization effects :)
I understand your problem. I guess you use polarization perpendicular to laser cutting direction. This is indeed p-polarized beam. Why? Imagine that you move laser beam and ablate a narrow channel. When you translate laser beam second time along this channel, you can distinguish separate...