Since there is sufficient CO2 in the atmosphere to absorb 100% of its lines, and has been all your life, what effect does more CO2 have besides second order effects?
not having a spring scale I can only comment re "feel" and as far as I can tell the outer iron doesn't affect much more than holding power, ie the last bit of travel.
The sum of the moments is made asymmetric by an elastic collision. I'll be finished building soon. No one has answered my question regarding the iron on the outside of the coil. I am assuming I need it.
I wound 4 layers on a piece of 3/4 conduit. The wire is 20 gauge (.032) and the coil length is 7 inches. I put 5 amperes into the coil and a bolt that fits the conduit didn't move. It stuck to one side of the conduit but it didn't snap in as I expected. What do I do to make this solenoid work?