And remember that say "Why system has no available energy to do work if it's reactants and products have same concentration?" is wrong if you forget that you are talking about equilibrium constant equal 1. I think there is no example of reactants and products at same concentration and the...
I think that since you write (substance A) arrow (substance B) you refer tot A as reactant and B as product, so A must decrease and B increase IF your reaction is possible. DeltaG negative will say that you correctly assumed reactants and products, and your reaction is allowed to "go".
Or we could say that at standard P, T, and, most important, 1 M all participants, it will not occur at all, and worst, you will see the opposite: reactants increase above 1 M and products decrease bellow 1M.
opposite you said: negative favorable or spontaneous; positive unfavorable or non-spontaneous. You could use also negative possible; positive impossible. Or negative allowed; positive prohibited
I think you are right.
I think you are absolutely right. Entropy is not energy, but it's a drive, since osmosis has one only and and exclusive cause: entropy increase. It reflects the power of probability, the obligatory step-by-step to the more probable. The macroscopic behavior (that is...