When we look at the Cosmic Microwave background or CMB radiation. We see a uniform pattern. From this we deduced that there was a period when the universe was hot and dense.
When we see the distant galaxies we see that they are moving away from us according to hubbles law. We can use either...
i really don't understand the basis of this problem
but from what you have posted if E2.9 to E2.12 is the way it is then E2.13 should be right
did you do the convolution of 2.10 with 2.11?
let me put it this way
potential lines are lines joining the points whose magnitude of the electric field is same.
electric field lines in essence tell us the path a positve test charge will take when placed on an electric field.
equipotential lines and field lines are always orthogonal to...
equipotential line is a locus of points with same potential
see the electric potential equation all varaibles are fixed except the point at which you are measuring the potential.
the force on a charged particle is given by lorentz equation. here force vector and electric field vector are in...
what i wanted to convey is these solutions have a steady state and transient state.
the transient state should tend to zero when time approaches infinty.(for this cooling problem)
x(t) = 230*e^(kt) +70, k<0 should be the solution if you have right idea about this problem
find the maxima and minima of the curve in the range 0 to 2pi
the minima will tell you about the small loop, find the value of theta for which f(theta) = 0 preceding and succeding the minima
those are your limits