Ah, I see what happened. The kinetic energy to escape the orbit of the sun has to equal the potential energy of the circular orbit, not just the additional energy.
$$
T = U_{circular \, orbit}
$$
$$
T = m v_{orbit}^{2}
$$
Adjusting to have the frame of reference of the sun, and knowing that...
I see the contradiction and what's been throwing me off. Then, I have that:
##mgR_{e}## ... The minimum energy required to escape Earth's gravitational pull
##\frac{1}{2}mv_{orbit}^{2}## ... The minimum energy required to escape Sun's gravitational pull
##\frac{1}{2}mv_{f}^2## ... The final...
Thanks for the outline!
The kinetic energy needed to escape Earth's gravity is:
$$
\frac{1}{2} m v_{escape}^{2} = m g R_{e}
$$
It will be in a circular orbit around the Sun, with relative velocity around sun = ##\textbf{v}_{escape} + 18.5 \, mi \, s^{-1}##.
Using the fact that Potential...
Okay, so now I'm thinking, regardless of what launch direction it is, the launch probe must have with a minimum of 12.1 ##mi \, s^{-1}## to leave Earth's gravitational pull. The issue is breaking out of the orbit around the sun.
If launching in the direction of orbit, launch with 12.1+18.5 =...
For the (a) portion of the problem, it asks to calculate the minimum speed a probe must be launched from earth to escape the solar system with residual speed of 10 ##mi \, s^{-1}## relative to the sun.
To find the minimum speed, I assumed the gravitational force affecting the probe by the sun...
Wait, so set ## \Delta v ## / ##\Delta t## = - (k/m) * v?
So then if I do ## \Delta v ## = - (k/m) * v * ## \Delta t ##, then I set v in the RHS as the velocity from the previous interval?
When I used differential equation techniques, I found the function of x and v to be a negative exponential function.
However, based on the notes, I believe the problem wants me to use finite summations as the relevant equations above. This stumps me because the acceleration is dependent on the...