I've seen this "thought experiment" come up on several forums, and it usually generates a lot of argument. I think the problem is that this question doesn't really have an answer, because once you start applying physical laws as restrictions to help you narrow down the possibilities, you have...
marteinson - I think I see why they are saying that this fits in "Theory Development", though I don't think it really fits under a "Physics" category. If there's a general understanding that a topic such as "Number Theory" will be reserved for talking about known theorems, formalized theories...
I hope you guys don't mind the interruption of a newbie. And one not formally educated in number theory, at that...
I think marteinson's conjectures are interesting, but not necessarily groundbreaking. They seem to me rather to be the "next logical leap" after considering that all non-prime...