Why is gravity a fictitious force?

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SUMMARY

The discussion clarifies that gravity is considered a fictitious force within General Relativity (GR) because it arises from spacetime geometry rather than a traditional force. The equivalence principle, which states the equality of inertial mass (Mi) and gravitational mass (Mg), is fundamental to this interpretation and is naturally explained by GR but not by Newtonian gravity. The elevator thought experiment illustrates that in a free-falling frame (an inertial frame in GR), gravity "disappears" as an inertial force, while in Newtonian physics gravity remains a real force. Fictitious forces depend on the reference frame and cannot be measured by accelerometers, matching local gravitational behavior, whereas tidal gravity reflects true spacetime curvature. The discussion emphasizes that the geometric model of gravity is a more accurate and conceptually satisfying framework than force-based models.

PREREQUISITES

  • Equivalence Principle in General Relativity
  • Concept of Fictitious (Inertial) Forces
  • Spacetime Geometry and Geodesic Equation
  • Newtonian Gravity vs. Metric Theories of Gravity

NEXT STEPS

  • Study the Geodesic Equation and Christoffel Symbols in GR
  • Explore the Strong Equivalence Principle and its Experimental Tests
  • Analyze the Elevator Thought Experiment in the Context of GR
  • Investigate Tidal Forces as Evidence of Spacetime Curvature

USEFUL FOR

Physics students, educators, and enthusiasts seeking a clear understanding of why gravity is modeled as a fictitious force in General Relativity, as well as those interested in the conceptual differences between Newtonian gravity and metric theories of gravity.

  • #151
Yes, "large enough" to "feel different gravity". But the second derivative is just enough to detect it.
 
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  • #152
Roberto Pavani said:
Yes, "large enough" to "feel different gravity". But the second derivative is just enough to detect it.
But, as has already been pointed out, none of this can be done within a single locally flat patch. You have to look at a region large enough for the effects of spacetime curvature (tidal gravity) to be observable. And such a region, by definition, is too large to be covered by a single locally flat patch.
 
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  • #153
Roberto Pavani said:
Yes, "large enough" to "feel different gravity". But the second derivative is just enough to detect it.
This is tidal gravity. It is curved spacetime, not flat. It is physical gravitation and cannot be removed by a change of reference frame, nor described as a fictitious force.
 
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  • #154
Roberto Pavani said:
Yes, "large enough" to "feel different gravity". But the second derivative is just enough to detect it.
If the "second derivative is (just) enough to detect it" then it means you are measuring curvature. :)

The geodesic deviation equation (in abstract index notation): ##u^b\nabla_b (u^a\nabla_a \xi^c) = R^c_{\: abd}u^a u^b \xi^d## explicitly includes the Riemann tensor in it. It shows, this is a coordinate independent "real" effect.
 
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