1420 MHz--- the emission frequency of cold hydrogen gas

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Cold hydrogen gas emits electromagnetic waves at 1420 MHz due to electron transitions between energy states, a phenomenon that occurs in all atoms, including gases. This frequency is significant for the Search for ExtraTerrestrial Intelligence (SETI) because it represents a common point of reference in the universe. While thermal radiation from heated objects, like iron, emits at various frequencies, the 1420 MHz emission from hydrogen is not affected by temperature changes. The assumption that extraterrestrial beings would communicate at this frequency stems from its universal presence and the idea that it would be a logical choice for interstellar communication. Understanding these principles helps clarify the nature of electromagnetic radiation and its relevance to both physics and the search for alien life.
  • #31
Why look at that frequency of 1420Mhz, it is precisely the base noise of the entire universe, and in general the intensity (the number of photons per second received) is a constant in almost all directions. Then certain patterns of increase or decrease in intensity may be due to the fact that in the observed area there is more or less hydrogen gas, this would be in galactic halos, galaxies, galaxy clusters, places where we understand life could thrive like here, not very close not too far from the center of the galaxy.
If the observation is maintained in a certain sector, as I said, we would notice that the intensity is a constant, but what happens if instead of a constant signal we receive a pattern of intensity variable?
We would first try to determine if it is a random pattern, or not, any intelligent civilization could recognize it, there will be 1000000 or more ways to generate a non-random pattern of intensities with the same frequency.
It is a mechanism similar to what AM radio tuners do, they modulate the amplitude keeping the frequency constant.
This is extremely useful for transmitting and receiving artificial signals, why? Because nature can send random or repetitive signals with a defined pattern, the pattern that is repeated, but a pattern created by an artificial intelligence will send clear signals away from repetitive patterns, but they will not be random either and whoever receives them will unequivocally know to conclude immediately that the signal is artificial.
On August 15, 1977 at 11:16 p.m., the Big Ear radio telescope received a radio signal of unknown origin for exactly 72 seconds coming from the eastern part of the constellation Sagittarius and reaching an intensity 30 times higher than the background noise. That was the WOW signal

Other reasons are the millions of possible frequencies throughout the radio-electric spectrum, but it is thought that any intelligent civilization advanced enough to study the universe should know about radio-astronomy and therefore do radio astronomical research. If this is the case, they should know the natural emission frequency of neutral hydrogen, which, being the most abundant element in the universe, provides an optimal channel for the emission and reception of signals.
So 1420Mhz stands out in particular for its ability to concentrate large amount of power in the lowest bandwidth. This is the so-called continuous wave that, because it is of a fixed and stable frequency, is the optimal wave to bridge large interstellar distances while being able to be heard at very low signal levels.
The task of deciphering what the non-random code says is another matter.
 

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