3D harmonic oscillator- expected value of distance

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SUMMARY

The discussion focuses on the 3D harmonic oscillator, specifically determining the ground state wave function and calculating the expectation value of distance from the origin. The ground state wave function is derived as ##\psi_0(x,y,z)=(\frac{\alpha}{\pi})^\frac{3}{4} exp(-\alpha (x^2+y^2+z^2))##, with energy ##\frac{3}{2}\hbar\omega##. Proper normalization is confirmed using the integral condition ##\int^{\infty}_{-\infty}dxdydz|ψ(x,y,z)|^{2}=1##. The expectation value #### is calculated using spherical coordinates.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of quantum mechanics principles, particularly harmonic oscillators.
  • Familiarity with wave functions and normalization conditions.
  • Knowledge of spherical coordinates for integration in three dimensions.
  • Proficiency in multivariable calculus and integration techniques.
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  • Study the derivation of the ground state wave function for the 3D harmonic oscillator.
  • Learn about normalization of wave functions in quantum mechanics.
  • Explore the use of spherical coordinates in calculating expectation values.
  • Investigate the implications of the energy levels in quantum harmonic oscillators.
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Students and professionals in physics, particularly those studying quantum mechanics, wave functions, and harmonic oscillators. This discussion is beneficial for anyone looking to deepen their understanding of quantum states and expectation values.

Rorshach
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Homework Statement


Hey! I got this problem about 3D harmonic oscillator, here it goes:
A particle can move in three dimensions in a harmonic oscillator potential
##V(x,y,z)=\frac{1}{2}m\omega^2(x^2+y^2+z^2)##. Determine the ground state wave function. Check by explicitly counting that it is properly normalized.
Calculate the expectation value ##<r>##, where ##r=\sqrt{x^2+y^2+z^2}## is a distance to the origin.

Homework Equations


##\alpha=\sqrt{\frac{m\omega}{\hbar}}##
##\omega=\sqrt{\frac{k}{m}}##
##V(x,y,z)=\frac{1}{2}m\omega^2(x^2+y^2+z^2)##
##\psi(x,y,z)==X(x)Y(y)Z(z)##
##-\frac{\hbar^2}{2m}[\frac{\xi^2\psi}{\xi x^2}+\frac{\xi^2\psi}{\xi y^2}+\frac{\xi^2\psi}{\xi z^2}]+\frac{k}{2}(x^2+y^2+z^2)\psi=E\psi##
##E_x+E_y+E_z=E##

The Attempt at a Solution


I pretty much calculated the wave function for the ground state, and it came out to be equal to ##\psi_0(x,y,z)=(\frac{\alpha}{\pi})^\frac{3}{4} exp(-\alpha (x^2+y^2+z^2))##
with energy equal to ##\frac{3}{2}\hbar\omega##. I don't understand what do they mean by explicitly calculating proper normalization, and I have trouble with calculating the expectation value for the distance from the point of origin. My first guess was to do this:
##\int_{-\infty}^{+\infty}\int_{-\infty}^{+\infty}\int_{-\infty}^{+\infty} \psi^{*}(x,y,z) r \psi(x,y,z)\,dx\,dy\,dz.## But it was quite a while since I've done multpile integrals, so I used wolframalpha for this:
http://www.wolframalpha.com/input/?...)^(3/4))*exp(-a(x^2+y^2+z^2)(1/2)))^2)+dxdydz
I am pretty shure that notation is wrong, but you probably get my point. I don't know if my way of thinking is correct. Help?
 
Last edited:
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Rorshach said:
I don't understand what do they mean by explicitly calculating proper normalization.
In general: &lt; ψ_{i} | ψ_{j} &gt; = δ_{ij}.
Use the normalization condition ∫^{\infty}_{-\infty}dxdydz|ψ(x,y,z)|^{2}=1 to check the ground state is properly normalized.

To calculate &lt; r &gt; use spherical coordinates.
 

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