About the gluon feild and propagator

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    Gluon Propagator
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The discussion centers on the transition from Equation (14) to Equation (15) in the paper "http://arxiv.org/pdf/hep-ph/0308157.pdf" regarding gluon fields and propagators. The confusion arises from the presence of a single factor of ##ig## in Equation (14) and a squared factor ##(ig)^2## in Equation (15). This indicates a fundamental aspect of quantum field theory where the interaction terms are squared when propagators are involved, reflecting the underlying principles of gauge invariance and perturbation theory.

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ccnu
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I am confused about the very step from Eq.(14) to Eq.(15) in the paper
http://arxiv.org/pdf/hep-ph/0308157.pdf
There is one ##ig## in (14), while ##(ig)^2## in (15), where does it come from?
Regards!
 
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