Action of metric tensor on Levi-Civita symbol

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Discussion Overview

The discussion centers on the action of the metric tensor on the Levi-Civita symbol and tensor, particularly in the context of four-dimensional spacetime. Participants explore the relationships between these mathematical objects in both special relativity (SR) and general relativity (GR), addressing the implications of different coordinate systems and conventions.

Discussion Character

  • Technical explanation
  • Debate/contested
  • Mathematical reasoning

Main Points Raised

  • Some participants assert that the metric tensor raises or lowers indices of tensors, specifically referencing the Levi-Civita tensor.
  • There is a claim that the Levi-Civita symbol is not a tensor, with a proposed relation between the symbol and the tensor form.
  • One participant suggests that in a generic spacetime in GR, the relation involving the Levi-Civita symbol may require a correction due to the presence of a minus sign.
  • Another participant argues that the Levi-Civita symbol can be considered a tensor when acted upon by the metric tensor, which raises or lowers indices.
  • Participants discuss the components of the Levi-Civita tensor and the implications of the determinant of the metric, noting that the sign convention can vary between references.
  • Some participants emphasize that discussions about the Levi-Civita symbol in the context of special relativity may be limited to specific coordinate systems, while others argue for the necessity of full tensor machinery in more general curvilinear systems.
  • There is a mention of the use of non-inertial coordinates in heavy-ion hydrodynamics, indicating practical applications of the discussed concepts.

Areas of Agreement / Disagreement

Participants express differing views on the nature of the Levi-Civita symbol and its relationship to tensors, with some asserting it is a tensor under certain conditions while others contest this. The discussion remains unresolved regarding the implications of different coordinate systems and the conventions used in various references.

Contextual Notes

Participants note that the discussion may depend on specific assumptions about coordinate systems and conventions, which are not universally agreed upon. The implications of using different coordinate systems, such as Cartesian versus curvilinear, are also highlighted as a source of complexity.

Baela
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We know that a metric tensor raises or lowers the indices of a tensor, for e.g. a Levi-Civita tensor. If we are in ##4D## spacetime, then
\begin{align}
g_{mn}\epsilon^{npqr}=\epsilon_{m}{}^{pqr}
\end{align}
where ##g_{mn}## is the metric and ##\epsilon^{npqr}## is the Levi-Civita tensor.

The Levi-Civita symbol, which we can denote by ##\varepsilon^{npqr}##, is not a tensor. It obeys the relation
\begin{align}
\varepsilon^{npqr}=\varepsilon_{npqr}.
\end{align}

What happens if the metric tensor is multiplied with the Levi-Civita symbol ##\varepsilon^{npqr}##?
\begin{align}
g_{mn}\varepsilon^{npqr}=\,?
\end{align}
 
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Well, what's the relation between the epsilon symbol and -tensor?
 
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For a generic spacetime in GR, (2) is not correct. I think already in SR you have a minus there to rectify (2).
 
Baela said:
is not a tensor.
should be replaced by is a tensor. The four uppers are just replaced by four downers by being acted on with four gs.
Baela said:
What happens if the metric tensor is multiplied with the Levi-Civita symbol ?
Your Eq. (2). g just raises or lowers indices.
The LC tensor just depends on the order of the super or subscripts.
It is called an idempotent tensor because it has the same value in any system.
I am just talking about special relativity.
 
The components of the Levi-Civita tensor are
$$\epsilon^{\alpha \beta \gamma \delta}=\frac{1}{\sqrt{-g}} \Delta^{\alpha \beta \gamma \delta},$$
where ##g=\mathrm{det}(\hat{g})## and ##\Delta^{0123}=1## and totally anti-symmetric under exchange of its arguments, i.e., the usual Levi-Civita symbol.

The covariant components of the Levi-Civta-tensor thus are
$$\epsilon_{\alpha \beta \gamma \delta}=-\sqrt{-g} \Delta^{\alpha \beta \gamma \delta}.$$
This somewhat confusing extra sign comes from the fact that ##g<0##.

Also note that the convention of this sign is a matter of convention, i.e., it can be the opposite (e.g., in MTW). So you have to carefully check, which convention is used in any reference you read ;-).
 
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I am just talking about special relativity.
 
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Meir Achuz said:
I am just talking about special relativity.
Actually, you're talking about special relativity only for the specific case of a cartesian coordinate system. More general curvilinear systems (e.g., polar coordinates) require the full tensor machinery of the metric, its determinant and the Christoffel symbols, even in special relativity.
 
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That's why they are not usually used in SR.
 
In pseud-Cartesian (Lorentzian) coordinates then you have ##\epsilon^{\alpha \beta \gamma \delta}=\Delta^{\alpha \beta \gamma \delta}## and ##\epsilon_{\alpha \beta \gamma \delta}=-\Delta^{\alpha \beta \gamma \delta}##, because then ##-g=1##.
 
  • #10
Meir Achuz said:
I am just talking about special relativity.
I'm not sure the thread in general is restricted to SR.

Meir Achuz said:
That's why they are not usually used in SR.
I'm not sure that's necessarily the case. Rindler coordinates are fairly commonly used, and they are non-inertial.
 
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  • #11
In heavy-ion hydrodynamics often Milne coordinates are used, because they are convinient to describe "Bjorken flow" ;-).
 
  • #12
usually
 

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