Action of metric tensor on Levi-Civita symbol

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SUMMARY

The discussion centers on the action of the metric tensor on the Levi-Civita symbol in the context of 4D spacetime. It is established that the metric tensor, denoted as ##g_{mn}##, raises or lowers indices of the Levi-Civita tensor, represented as ##\epsilon^{npqr}##. The relationship is clarified with the equation ##g_{mn}\epsilon^{npqr}=\epsilon_{m}{}^{pqr}##. Additionally, the discussion highlights the distinction between the Levi-Civita symbol and tensor, emphasizing that the components of the Levi-Civita tensor in a Cartesian coordinate system are defined by the determinant of the metric, ##g=\mathrm{det}(\hat{g})##, and the sign conventions that may vary across references.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of metric tensors in General Relativity (GR)
  • Familiarity with the Levi-Civita symbol and tensor
  • Knowledge of tensor notation and index manipulation
  • Basic principles of Special Relativity (SR) and coordinate systems
NEXT STEPS
  • Study the properties of the Levi-Civita tensor in various coordinate systems
  • Explore the role of Christoffel symbols in General Relativity
  • Learn about the determinant of the metric tensor and its implications
  • Investigate the differences in sign conventions for the Levi-Civita symbol across various texts
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Physicists, mathematicians, and students of General Relativity and Special Relativity who seek to deepen their understanding of tensor calculus and the properties of the Levi-Civita symbol in different coordinate systems.

Baela
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We know that a metric tensor raises or lowers the indices of a tensor, for e.g. a Levi-Civita tensor. If we are in ##4D## spacetime, then
\begin{align}
g_{mn}\epsilon^{npqr}=\epsilon_{m}{}^{pqr}
\end{align}
where ##g_{mn}## is the metric and ##\epsilon^{npqr}## is the Levi-Civita tensor.

The Levi-Civita symbol, which we can denote by ##\varepsilon^{npqr}##, is not a tensor. It obeys the relation
\begin{align}
\varepsilon^{npqr}=\varepsilon_{npqr}.
\end{align}

What happens if the metric tensor is multiplied with the Levi-Civita symbol ##\varepsilon^{npqr}##?
\begin{align}
g_{mn}\varepsilon^{npqr}=\,?
\end{align}
 
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Well, what's the relation between the epsilon symbol and -tensor?
 
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For a generic spacetime in GR, (2) is not correct. I think already in SR you have a minus there to rectify (2).
 
Baela said:
is not a tensor.
should be replaced by is a tensor. The four uppers are just replaced by four downers by being acted on with four gs.
Baela said:
What happens if the metric tensor is multiplied with the Levi-Civita symbol ?
Your Eq. (2). g just raises or lowers indices.
The LC tensor just depends on the order of the super or subscripts.
It is called an idempotent tensor because it has the same value in any system.
I am just talking about special relativity.
 
The components of the Levi-Civita tensor are
$$\epsilon^{\alpha \beta \gamma \delta}=\frac{1}{\sqrt{-g}} \Delta^{\alpha \beta \gamma \delta},$$
where ##g=\mathrm{det}(\hat{g})## and ##\Delta^{0123}=1## and totally anti-symmetric under exchange of its arguments, i.e., the usual Levi-Civita symbol.

The covariant components of the Levi-Civta-tensor thus are
$$\epsilon_{\alpha \beta \gamma \delta}=-\sqrt{-g} \Delta^{\alpha \beta \gamma \delta}.$$
This somewhat confusing extra sign comes from the fact that ##g<0##.

Also note that the convention of this sign is a matter of convention, i.e., it can be the opposite (e.g., in MTW). So you have to carefully check, which convention is used in any reference you read ;-).
 
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I am just talking about special relativity.
 
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Meir Achuz said:
I am just talking about special relativity.
Actually, you're talking about special relativity only for the specific case of a cartesian coordinate system. More general curvilinear systems (e.g., polar coordinates) require the full tensor machinery of the metric, its determinant and the Christoffel symbols, even in special relativity.
 
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That's why they are not usually used in SR.
 
In pseud-Cartesian (Lorentzian) coordinates then you have ##\epsilon^{\alpha \beta \gamma \delta}=\Delta^{\alpha \beta \gamma \delta}## and ##\epsilon_{\alpha \beta \gamma \delta}=-\Delta^{\alpha \beta \gamma \delta}##, because then ##-g=1##.
 
  • #10
Meir Achuz said:
I am just talking about special relativity.
I'm not sure the thread in general is restricted to SR.

Meir Achuz said:
That's why they are not usually used in SR.
I'm not sure that's necessarily the case. Rindler coordinates are fairly commonly used, and they are non-inertial.
 
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  • #11
In heavy-ion hydrodynamics often Milne coordinates are used, because they are convinient to describe "Bjorken flow" ;-).
 
  • #12
usually
 

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