Do you have an idea of how you want your filter polynomial to be able to adapt? Moving notches, changing passband, variable gain in multiple passbands? Do you have an idea of what you want your Performance Surface to look like? I don't know what your exact application is, and how it relates to the vibration noise, but it sounds to me more like you would want to figure out the best time domain DSP algorithms to give you the best guess at the overall acceleration, rather than architect it as an adaptive filter in the frequency domain.
For example, if it is a distance measuring device for runners, then your time domain processing would figure out the footfall bounce rhythm, and process the accelerometer signal accordingly to best-guess the net movement. Or if it is a device that sportbike riders would wear at the racetrack to record their acceleration, braking, and cornering forces, then the vibration from the engine would be the primary noise to be subtracted out, and having your program keep track of the apparent RPM would help it to discern engine vibration from overall bike movement...
BTW, I've only looked a little bit at adaptive filters (I've done more time-domain DSP work for the kind of thing you're talking about), but I found a pretty good book on it if you're interested in checking it out. "Adaptive Signal Processing" by Widrow and Stearns (from Stanford).