Advanced Calculus - Differentiable and Converging Polynomials

2 replies · 2K views · last reply
bradyrsmith31
Messages
2
Reaction score
0
I could really use some help on this problem as well!

Thanks!
 
Attachments
  • Problem 2 statement: f: R to R given by f(x) = 1/(1+x^2); F: R to R defined by F(x) = integral from 0 to x of f; P_n(x) = sum from k=0 to n of (-1)^k x^(2k+1)/(2k+1).
    Part 1.png
    7.1 KB · Views: 154
  • Typeset problem statement with parts (a) to (d) asking to prove properties of a function F: oddness, differentiability with strict increase and boundedness, a piecewise bound by polynomials P_n on [0, 1] depending on parity of n, and uniform convergence of P_n to F on [0, 1].
    Part 2.png
    9.7 KB · Views: 155
Hi,

For a better help, it's useful that you post what you have tried.

Maybe in this exercise it suffices to tell you that $F(x)=arctan(x)$
 
bradyrsmith31 said:
I could really use some help on this problem as well!

Thanks!

For -1 < x < 1 the following MacLaurin expansion holds...

$\displaystyle \frac{1}{1 + x^{2}} = \sum_{n = 0}^{\infty} (-1)^{n}\ x^{2 n}\ (1)$

The series (1) converges uniformly, so that You can apply the series integration theorem and write...

$\displaystyle F(x)= \int_{0}^{x} \frac{d t}{1 + t^{2}} = \sum_{n=0}^{\infty} (-1)^{n} \frac{x^{2 n + 1}}{2 n + 1}\ (2)$

The series expansion (2) has only terms of odd degree, so that F(x) is an odd function and is $\displaystyle F(- x) = - F(x)$. The series (2) is also 'alternating signs', so that for n even is $\displaystyle P_{n} (x) > F(x)$ and for n odd is $\displaystyle P_{n} (x) < F(x)$. Finally the (2) in [0,1] converges to a continuos function, so that it converges uniformly...

Kind regards

$\chi$ $\sigma$