Angle of refraction of light in water

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SUMMARY

The angle of refraction of light in water can be calculated using Snell's Law, which states that the refractive index μ is equal to the sine of the angle of incidence divided by the sine of the angle of refraction. In this discussion, the refractive index for water is established as 1.33, with an angle of incidence of 60°. The correct calculation shows that the angle of refraction is 40.62°, not 45.11° as initially calculated. The error was due to a misapplication of Snell's Law.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of Snell's Law
  • Knowledge of refractive indices
  • Basic trigonometry, specifically sine functions
  • Ability to use scientific calculators for trigonometric calculations
NEXT STEPS
  • Study Snell's Law in detail, focusing on its applications in optics
  • Learn how to calculate refractive indices for different materials
  • Explore the concept of total internal reflection
  • Practice solving problems involving angles of incidence and refraction
USEFUL FOR

Students studying physics, particularly those focusing on optics, as well as educators teaching light behavior in different mediums.

Kaldanis
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Homework Statement


A ray of pure yellow light reaches the surface of a pond at an angle of incidence of 60°. What angle does it make with the normal inside the water?

Speed of light in air = 300,000,000 m/s
Speed of light in water = 225,000,000 m/s
So the Refractive index μ = 1.33

Homework Equations


μ = angle of incidence / angle of refraction


The Attempt at a Solution


μ = sin i / sin r
1.33 = 60° / sin r
sin r = 60° / 1.33

So the angle of refraction equals 45.11°. Is this correct? I believe this is the correct way to work it out, yet when I check the answer online using various calculators the answer comes up as 40.62°. Am I doing something wrong?
 
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Kaldanis said:

Homework Statement


A ray of pure yellow light reaches the surface of a pond at an angle of incidence of 60°. What angle does it make with the normal inside the water?

Speed of light in air = 300,000,000 m/s
Speed of light in water = 225,000,000 m/s
So the Refractive index μ = 1.33

Homework Equations


μ = angle of incidence / angle of refraction


The Attempt at a Solution


μ = sin i / sin r
1.33 = 60° / sin r
sin r = 60° / 1.33

So the angle of refraction equals 45.11°. Is this correct? I believe this is the correct way to work it out, yet when I check the answer online using various calculators the answer comes up as 40.62°. Am I doing something wrong?
yes, you are. And the problem is shown in your writing "μ = angle of incidence / angle of refraction" when it should be "μ = sin(angle of incidence) / sin(angle of refraction)"

You write that below but then you write "1.33= 60°/ sin r" and "sin r= 60°/1.33= 45.11°"

sin r= sin(60°)/1.33. Use a calculator to determine sin(60°) and once you have sin r, use a calculator again to determine r itself.
 
HallsofIvy said:
yes, you are. And the problem is shown in your writing "μ = angle of incidence / angle of refraction" when it should be "μ = sin(angle of incidence) / sin(angle of refraction)"

You write that below but then you write "1.33= 60°/ sin r" and "sin r= 60°/1.33= 45.11°"

sin r= sin(60°)/1.33. Use a calculator to determine sin(60°) and once you have sin r, use a calculator again to determine r itself.
Ah, I see now. Sin r = 0.6511469, so r = 40.62°

Thank you sir!
 

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