Answer Mech Energy of 32kg Cannon Ball at Max Height

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The discussion revolves around calculating the total mechanical energy of a 32 kg cannonball at its maximum height after being fired at a speed of 1360 m/s at a 44° angle. The user initially attempted to find the height using kinetic energy and gravitational potential energy, but their calculations led to an incorrect result. They mistakenly applied the Pythagorean theorem to combine kinetic energy and potential energy, which is unnecessary since energy is scalar and should be summed directly. The correct approach emphasizes that mechanical energy is conserved, meaning the total energy at launch equals the total energy at maximum height. The key takeaway is to simply add kinetic and potential energy without considering vector directions.
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Homework Statement


A 32 kg cannon ball is fired from a cannon with muzzle speed of 1360 m/s at an angle of 44◦ with the horizontal. The acceleration of gravity is 9.8 m/s2 . What is the total mechanical energy at the maximum height of the ball? Answer in units of J.

Homework Equations


Mechanical energy = KE + UG + US (ignore spring potential energy)
UG = mgh
KE = (1/2)mv2

The Attempt at a Solution


I actually thought I understood the concepts behind this one fine, but I keep getting the wrong answer.

First I found the height:
Theoretically, mechanical energy is conserved, so E at launch = E at top of flight (w/ max height)
KE + UG = KE + UG
no UG at launch, and no KE at top of flight in the y-direction -- motion is changing direction -- so
KE in the vertical direction = UG
(1/2)(32 kg)(1360sin44 m/s) = (32 kg)(9.8 m/s2)h
h = 45536.98701 m

Then, I attempted to find the mechanical energy at the top of the flight.
Known facts:
* the mass has a vertical acceleration and a horizontal velocity of 1360cos44 m/s
* the mass has both kinetic energy (it is moving) and potential gravitational energy.
* I guessed that the total mechanical energy would be the resultant of these two using the Pythagorean theorem since the two energies are perpendicular to each other.

E at top = KE in the x-direction + UG in the y-direction
KE = (1/2)(32)(1360cos44)2 = 15313200.87 J
UG = (32)(9.8)(45536.98701) = 14280399.13 J

KE2 + UG2 = resultant2
resultant = 20938574.93 J

But... that's the wrong answer.
Do the directions of the vectors not matter? Can someone provide an explanation for this?
 
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Energy is scalar, has no direction, you simply have to add the different kinds of energy.

"KE2 + UG2 = resultant2" this is wrong.

As for your method, you overcomplicate the calculations. Conservation of the mechanical energy means that the total energy E= KE + PE at the muzzle is the same as at the maximum height.

ehild
 
The book claims the answer is that all the magnitudes are the same because "the gravitational force on the penguin is the same". I'm having trouble understanding this. I thought the buoyant force was equal to the weight of the fluid displaced. Weight depends on mass which depends on density. Therefore, due to the differing densities the buoyant force will be different in each case? Is this incorrect?

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