Antenna spacing and interference

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Discussion Overview

The discussion revolves around the behavior of dual antennas in a WiFi card, specifically focusing on their spacing, potential for destructive interference, and the mechanisms of signal reception and transmission. The scope includes technical explanations and conceptual clarifications related to antenna diversity and multipath effects.

Discussion Character

  • Technical explanation
  • Conceptual clarification
  • Debate/contested

Main Points Raised

  • One participant questions why two antennas spaced an inch apart do not destructively interfere with each other, given that they do not maintain a wavelength multiple distance apart.
  • Another participant explains that the antennas are not driven simultaneously and that dual antennas are typically used for "spatial diversity" in reception, allowing the system to select the strongest signal.
  • There is a suggestion that one antenna can be in a deep null due to multipath effects while the other may not be, which helps avoid destructive interference.
  • A further elaboration indicates that different methods exist for utilizing the two antennas, including transmitting on one and receiving on both, or switching between them based on signal strength.
  • A more complex system may involve querying which transmitting antenna provides a better receive signal strength indicator (RSSI), although this may not always be beneficial in dynamically changing multipath environments.

Areas of Agreement / Disagreement

Participants express varying perspectives on the operation of dual antennas, with some agreement on their use for spatial diversity, but no consensus on the implications of their spacing and potential interference.

Contextual Notes

The discussion does not resolve the question of destructive interference and relies on assumptions about the operational context of the antennas and the nature of multipath effects.

oneamp
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I have a wifi card for a cisco router that has two antennas spaced about an inch apart. The antennas can pivot so that the distance between the same point on either antenna can change. Since the antennas don't remain a wavelength multiple apart at all points on them, why is it that they don't destructively interfere with each other?

Thank you
 
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oneamp said:
I have a wifi card for a cisco router that has two antennas spaced about an inch apart. The antennas can pivot so that the distance between the same point on either antenna can change. Since the antennas don't remain a wavelength multiple apart at all points on them, why is it that they don't destructively interfere with each other?

Thank you

They aren't driven at the same time. Dual antennas in WiFi are generally used for "spatial diversity" in RX. The RX circuit uses whichever RX signal is the strongest. Because of multipath, one antenna can be in a deep null, but the other antenna spaced a bit away will generally not be in the same null...
 
So the system just picks one to transmit?
 
There are different ways to use the two antennas, but that's one of the simpler ones -- TX on one antenna, and RX on both (either at the same time if your PHY chip can handle it, or switch sequentially between them if the TX device is retrying because you can't hear it on your primary antenna).

A more complicated system can use the two antennas to query a node it wants to reach, to see which TX antenna gives a better receive signal strength indicator (RSSI) reading at the RX device. But in systems/channels where the multi-path can change dynamically, that kind of adaptive learning may not be worth it.

Here's a wikipedia article that discusses antenna diversity and multipath...

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antenna_diversity

:smile:
 
Thank you
 

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