AP Physics C Mechanics: Conservation of Energy Problem

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SUMMARY

The discussion centers on a physics problem involving a block of mass m hanging from a pulley connected to a block of mass M on a tabletop. Participants analyze the conservation of energy to derive expressions for the speed of mass m as a function of the distance fallen, using the equations for potential energy (U = mgh) and kinetic energy (K = 0.5mv²). The challenge arises in part b, where friction (µ) affects the motion of block M, complicating the energy approach. Participants suggest using force equations (F = ma) to better understand the system's dynamics.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of Newton's laws of motion
  • Familiarity with conservation of energy principles
  • Knowledge of kinetic and potential energy equations
  • Basic calculus for integration and differentiation
NEXT STEPS
  • Study the derivation of acceleration using Newton's second law (F = ma)
  • Learn about the effects of friction on motion and energy conservation
  • Explore the relationship between tension in the string and the forces acting on the blocks
  • Investigate the use of energy methods in systems with multiple masses and pulleys
USEFUL FOR

Students studying AP Physics C Mechanics, particularly those focusing on energy conservation problems, as well as educators looking for problem-solving strategies in mechanics involving pulleys and friction.

SHawking
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Homework Statement


A block of mass m hangs on the end of a cord and is connected to a block of mass M by a pulley arrangement. (m hangs freely, M is attached to the string, and is on a table top. (So m is attached to a string which goes therough a pulley changing the strings direction 90 degrees where it goes through a pulley attached to M and back to a block on the table. So, for every unit m moves M moves two, sorry this is hard to explain without a diagram.) Using energy considerations,
a.) find an expression for the speed m as a function of the distance fallen,
b.) repeat the previous assuming that a friction of µ acts on the block on the table. Assume everything is at rest.

I don't think it is pertinant, but, it has a few latter parts which are calculus based that I was able to get using what I know to be the answer to a and b.

Homework Equations


U=mgh
K=.5mv^2
F=µN (N=mg)
MAybe some kinematics equations for part B?)

The Attempt at a Solution


I think I got part a, just a math error.

Using the formula K(m)+K(M)+U2(m)=U(m) U2 being the new potential energy after a change in distance, and then
1/2mv^2+1/2m(v/2)^2(It will be half the speed of m)+mgh2=mgh
and solving for M, I think I am getting the correct answer

For B, that is including coefficient of friction I think I am having a lot more trouble. My first attempt was to attempt to factor in the friction into the velocity, but that got an incorrect answer. I then tried tog et force, and integrate (integral of NetForce dx=∆K)

Can anyone point me in the right direction?
 
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I don't see how you can find the acceleration using the energy approach.
I think you will have to work with forces. The force of gravity on m is what makes the masses accelerate. Can you write an F = ma equation for each of the masses? Would the force pulling M be half the force with which m pulls on the rope?
 

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