Are Di-Atomic Molecules spherical?

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SUMMARY

Diatomic molecules are not inherently spherical; rather, they consist of two atoms that can be represented as two spheres. Polyatomic molecules, which contain multiple atoms, cannot be accurately described as spherical due to their complex configurations. While certain atomic arrangements, such as buckyballs, exhibit spherical characteristics, the overall shape of molecules is influenced by electron configurations and the spatial distribution of electron clouds. Consequently, molecules generally lack spherical symmetry, although diatomic molecules can be approximated as spherical in specific contexts, such as when treated as a Van der Waals gas.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of atomic structure and electron configurations
  • Familiarity with molecular geometry and shapes
  • Knowledge of spherical harmonics and their role in atomic orbitals
  • Basic principles of gas behavior, particularly Van der Waals forces
NEXT STEPS
  • Research the concept of atomic orbitals and their shapes
  • Explore the properties and applications of buckyballs (fullerenes)
  • Study molecular geometry and the VSEPR theory for predicting shapes
  • Investigate the behavior of gases under Van der Waals forces
USEFUL FOR

Students of chemistry, molecular physicists, and anyone interested in the structural properties of molecules and their behavior in various states.

Dvorak
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It is usually said that molecules are spherical in shape, that is what we learn from our textbooks. May be what they are saying is true but only in the case of a monatomic molecule. If one considers a diatomic molecule there are two atoms that means two spheres and if it is polyatomic there is no doubt there are many spheres attached to one another. If that is the case polyatomic molecules are never really spherical! Please clear my this confusion.
 
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There are configurations of atoms that are spherical, a bucky ball for example. Atoms don't have to be spheres either, it depends on how many electrons are in their outer most shell.
 
newjerseyrunner said:
There are configurations of atoms that are spherical, a bucky ball for example. Atoms don't have to be spheres either, it depends on how many electrons are in their outer most shell.
Then what else is the structure that an atom can have other than a sphere?
 
Atoms and molecules are mostly empty space. It is hard to define a shape.
 
The angle dependence of atomic orbitals are spherical harmonics.

Molecules do not have spherical symmetry. But diatomics can be often treated as round things, for example as a Vanderwaals gas.
 

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