Are Sums and Differences of Eigenfunctions Also Eigenfunctions?

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SUMMARY

The discussion confirms that the sum of two eigenfunctions, f1 and f2, corresponding to different eigenvalues a1 and a2 of a linear operator L, is not an eigenfunction of L. This conclusion arises from the contradiction that would occur if f1 + f2 were an eigenfunction, necessitating that the eigenvalues a1 and a2 be equal. Conversely, the difference of the two eigenfunctions, f1 - f2, is an eigenfunction of L with the eigenvalue a2, demonstrating that while sums do not yield eigenfunctions, differences can.

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eit32
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a) Consider a linear operator L with 2 different eigenvalues a1 and a2, with their corresponding eigenfunction f1 and f2. Is f1 + f2 also an eigenfunction of L? If so, what eigenvalue of L does it correspond to? If not, why not?

b) Answer the same question as in part (a) but for the difference of the 2 functions;
f1-f2.
 
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eit32 said:
a) Consider a linear operator L with 2 different eigenvalues a1 and a2, with their corresponding eigenfunction f1 and f2. Is f1 + f2 also an eigenfunction of L? If so, what eigenvalue of L does it correspond to? If not, why not?

b) Answer the same question as in part (a) but for the difference of the 2 functions;
f1-f2.

Let's see:

L(f1 + f2) = L(f1) + L(f2) (because L is linear)

= a1 f1 + a2 f2

If f1 + f2 is an eigenfunction then we must have:

L(f1 + f2) = b (f1 + f2)

for some eigenvalue b. This means that:

a1 f1 + a2 f2 = b f1 + b f2 ------>

(a1 - b) f1 + (a2 - b) f2 = 0

which means that f1 and f2 are proportional to each other. However, that is impossible because then the iegenvalues a1 and a2 have to bethe same. So, we arrive at a contradiction and f1 + f2 cannot be an eigenfunction of L.

Part b) minus f2 is also an eigenfunction with eigenvalue a2. So, the result of a) also applies in this case.
 

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