Astronomy - Distance with different scale factors

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Homework Help Overview

The discussion revolves around the concept of the scale factor R(t) in the context of the expansion of the universe, specifically comparing different expressions for R(t) during different epochs, such as radiation domination and the current state of the universe. The original poster is attempting to calculate the distance between two sites shortly after the Big Bang, given the scale factor equations.

Discussion Character

  • Exploratory, Assumption checking, Conceptual clarification

Approaches and Questions Raised

  • The original poster expresses the distance in meters and time in seconds, but questions how to determine the constant C2. They also explore the implications of using different units for the constants.

Discussion Status

Some participants have provided suggestions regarding unit conversions, indicating that using years and light-years might simplify the calculations. The original poster has indicated progress in solving the problem following this advice, though the discussion does not imply a final resolution.

Contextual Notes

There is a mention of the need for consistency in units, as the constants C1 and C2 have different units, which is a point of confusion for the original poster. The problem context also suggests a consideration of the scale factor at a specific time, t = 200,000 years, where both expressions should yield the same result.

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Homework Statement
Expansion of the universe is described by the scale factor R(t), where t is the time after the Big Bang. For a flat universe the scale factor is today
R(t)=C_{1}\cdot t^{\frac{2}{3}}

When the Universe was radiation dominated, for t <200,000 years, the scale factor was
R(t)=C_{2}\cdot \sqrt{t}

Today, about 12 billion years after the Big Bang, we measure the distance to another superhop to 1 billion light years. How big would the distance between these sites one year after the Big Bang, if we assume that we live in a flat universe.

The attempt at a solution
I express the distance in meters
R(t)=9.461\cdot 10^{24}\, m

Then I express the time in seconds
t=3.787\cdot 10^{17}\, s

I found that the constant is
C_{1}=1.8075\cdot 10^{13}

I need to know the constant C_{2}, but I'm not sure how I'll be able to calculate it.

I have tested just to put C_{1}=C_{2}, but the result for the distance was wrong. I then realized that the two constants have different units.

Does anyone have a suggestion how I may proceed?
 
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For t = 200,000 years, both expressions for R(t) should give the same result.

To make your life easier, consider using units of years and light-years rather than seconds and meters.
 
Thanks for your reply, now I was able to solve the problem.

Thanks for your advice, I'll keep it in mind.
 
Glad it worked out.

I know we get SI units drilled into our heads in intro physics classes, but they are not always the most convenient. If the problem statement uses alternate units, that's a hint for you to consider it too. :smile:
 

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