B and A in Curved Space Time: Does \nabla \times A =B?

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Discussion Overview

The discussion centers on the relationship between the vector potential \( A \) and the magnetic field \( B \) in the context of curved spacetime, specifically questioning whether the equation \( \nabla \times A = B \) holds in such scenarios. Participants explore this in relation to a spatially flat Friedmann-Robertson-Walker background and seek to understand necessary modifications to the equation in curved geometries.

Discussion Character

  • Exploratory
  • Technical explanation
  • Debate/contested

Main Points Raised

  • One participant asserts that the equation \( \nabla \times A = B \) is valid in flat space and questions its applicability in curved space, particularly in a Friedmann-Robertson-Walker background.
  • Another participant argues that the concept of curl is limited to 3-dimensional Euclidean space and suggests using the exterior derivative in the context of 4-dimensional spacetimes, noting that the electromagnetic field tensor \( F \) can be expressed as \( F = dA \).
  • A participant expresses familiarity with covariant expressions of Maxwell's equations but struggles to understand why a specific equation remains unchanged in curved space, referencing a particular document for clarification.
  • There is a suggestion that the general covariant form of Maxwell's equations retains the same structure as in flat spacetime due to the vanishing of torsion, implying that the expressions for \( B \) and \( E \) in terms of the gauge field might not change.

Areas of Agreement / Disagreement

Participants do not reach a consensus on whether the equation \( \nabla \times A = B \) holds in curved space, with differing views on the applicability of curl and the use of exterior derivatives. The discussion remains unresolved regarding the modifications needed for the equation in curved geometries.

Contextual Notes

Participants express uncertainty regarding the transition from flat to curved spacetime and the implications for the equations governing electromagnetic fields. There are references to specific equations and documents that may contain assumptions or definitions not fully explored in the discussion.

yourWitten
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By definition of the vector potential we may write

\nabla \times A =B

at least in flat space. Does this relation hold in curved space? I am particularly interested if we can still write this in a spatially flat Friedmann-Robertson-Walker background with metric ds^2=dt^2-a^2(dx^2+dy^2+dz^2) and if not, how it should be modified.

I know this question is extremely simple but I'm still developing intuition on GR.
 
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Curl as such only exists in 3-dimensional Euclidean space. You need to look at a generalisation in the 4d case of both flat and curved spacetimes, namely the exterior derivative. In relativity, both the electric and magnetic fields together form a second rank tensor F called the electromagnetic field tensor. This in turn can be written in terms of the exterior derivative as F=dA where A is the 4-potential containing both the electric scalar and the magnetic vector porential. Of course, what is what (electric/magnetic) depends on the reference frame.
 
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yourWitten said:
@Orodruin I am familiar with the covariant expressions of Maxwell's equations but having trouble working this out. In particular http://sedici.unlp.edu.ar/bitstream/handle/10915/125010/Documento_completo.pdf-PDFA.pdf?sequence=1 Eq. 2.24 suggests that the formula remains the same, but I don't see why.
Maybe I'm wrong, but isn't this simply because the Maxwell equations in general covariant form are the same as the equations in flat spacetime because the torsion vanishes? If they retain the same form, the expressions for B and E in terms of the gauge field don't change either.
 
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