Beta Decay & Quarks - A-Level Physics Explained

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Discussion Overview

The discussion focuses on the concept of beta decay in nuclear physics, particularly the transformation of neutrons and protons during this process. Participants explore the underlying quark composition of these particles and clarify misconceptions related to their definitions and interactions.

Discussion Character

  • Technical explanation
  • Conceptual clarification
  • Debate/contested

Main Points Raised

  • One participant questions the simplification of a neutron being described as "an electron and a proton," suggesting it may not accurately represent the underlying physics.
  • Another participant confirms that during beta decay, a neutron can change into a proton, releasing an electron and an anti-neutrino, and mentions the role of the W- boson in this process.
  • A later reply emphasizes that describing a neutron as composed of an electron and a proton is incorrect, clarifying that the neutron's transformation during beta decay is what should be understood.

Areas of Agreement / Disagreement

Participants express disagreement regarding the description of a neutron as "an electron and a proton," with some asserting it is a significant oversimplification and incorrect, while others focus on the correct process of beta decay without reaching a consensus on the initial description.

Contextual Notes

There are unresolved assumptions regarding the definitions of particles and the implications of their transformations during beta decay, which may affect the clarity of the discussion.

matt_crouch
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In my A-level Physics course we have been talking about nuclear decay. When an nucleus decays by beta emission the proton number increases. My teacher described a neutron as "an electron and a proton" so that the overall charge is 0. To me this sounds like a simplification. what's really going on. I know that Protons and neutrons are made of quarks has it got something to do with an up quark changing to a down or something like that?

cheers =]
 
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Yes, that's more or less precisely what's happening :)
This image displays it nicely:
750px-Beta_decay_artistic.svg.png


The W- particle is some elementary particle that only exists for a short while (a so called virtual particle). You see that a anti-neutrino (the "vee", or actually: "nu", with a bar) is released, which is a very light and very hard to detect particle. You don't really notice it's there, except it can take some energy with it.
The up and down quark, W-boson, electron and anti-neutrino are all (as far as the Standard Model of particle physics is concerned) elementary particles.
 
ahh awesome. explains a lot
thanks
 
You're welcome. Just another small comment on this part:

matt_crouch said:
My teacher described a neutron as "an electron and a proton"

He makes it sound like a neutron is composed of an electron and a proton, which is not just an oversimplification, it is wrong. What he probably meant was that the neutron can change into an electron and a proton (which is right up to the anti-neutrino).
 
ahh ok i see.. thanks
 
matt_crouch said:
In my A-level Physics course we have been talking about nuclear decay. When an nucleus decays by beta emission the proton number increases. My teacher described a neutron as "an electron and a proton" so that the overall charge is 0. To me this sounds like a simplification. what's really going on. I know that Protons and neutrons are made of quarks has it got something to do with an up quark changing to a down or something like that?

cheers =]


I want to reiterate what Compuchip said: if your prof really did describe a neutron as an electron and a proton, he/she said something completely, totally, unforgivingly wrong.
 

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