One way to do this problem is to calculate distance the bird, after leaving the first train, must fly to reach the second, then the distance back to the first (taking into account the motion of the trains during the flights), etc. thus getting an infinite series to be summed.
The easy way is to calculate the time until the trains collide, the multiply the bird's speed by that time.
What makes it "famous" is that there is a story that a person once asked (Von Neumann, Weyl, Wiener, ... pick your favorite big brain) that question. The mathematician thought for a second and gave the correct answer. The first person chuckled and said "many people try to do it by summing an infinite series." At which (Von Neumann, Weyl, Wiener, ... ) looked puzzled and said "but I did it by summing an infinite series!"