Blackbody radiation and Planck's distribution

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SUMMARY

The discussion centers on blackbody radiation and Planck's distribution, asserting that any heated object emits continuous electromagnetic radiation based solely on temperature. It clarifies that while solid substances behave as classical blackbody radiators, gases like hydrogen can also approximate blackbody behavior under certain conditions. The approximation holds until temperatures reach levels that excite the gas's ionization spectrum, where the continuous emission assumption fails. The sun is cited as an example of a gas that behaves as a good blackbody despite its gaseous state.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of blackbody radiation principles
  • Familiarity with Planck's distribution and quantum states
  • Knowledge of thermal excitation and its effects on emission spectra
  • Basic concepts of gas behavior under varying temperatures
NEXT STEPS
  • Study the derivation of Planck's distribution and its implications in quantum mechanics
  • Explore the differences between solid and gaseous blackbody radiators
  • Investigate the ionization spectrum of gases and its impact on radiation emission
  • Examine real-world examples of blackbody radiation, such as the sun and stars
USEFUL FOR

Students of physics, researchers in thermodynamics, and anyone interested in the principles of blackbody radiation and its applications in astrophysics.

Pachito
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physics books on the topic of blackbody radiation say that any given object when heated will emit a continuous electromagnetic radiation which depends only on temperature. Planck's distribution based on discretization of energy states accurately describes this phenomenon.
But is this true?
If I put some hydrogen gas in a container and heat it up, will not it emit light at specific frequencies and not continuously?
Thanks
 
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There is a small flaw in your reasoning: The classical 'black body' radiator is a solid substance. Hydrogen gas, or any other gas, is not a solid body.
 
SteamKing said:
There is a small flaw in your reasoning: The classical 'black body' radiator is a solid substance. Hydrogen gas, or any other gas, is not a solid body.

That's not quite correct. The assumption that leads to the blackbody spectrum is just that you have an (approximate) continuum of quantum states over the range of the energies that can be significantly excited by the thermal environment. A gas can be a perfectly fine approximate blackbody over a range of temperatures. It's when the temperature gets into the range where you can excite the ionization spectrum of the gas (which can be VERY noncontinuous) that the blackbody approximation breaks down. But even then the sun is a pretty good blackbody, and it's a gas.
 
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