Can a Higgs boson decay into two top quarks off-shell?

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    Decay Higgs Quarks
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Discussion Overview

The discussion revolves around the possibility of a Higgs boson decaying into a top-antitop quark pair when the Higgs is off-shell. Participants explore the theoretical implications of such a decay, its likelihood, and the distinction between decay processes and production processes involving virtual particles.

Discussion Character

  • Exploratory
  • Technical explanation
  • Debate/contested

Main Points Raised

  • One participant questions whether a Higgs boson can decay into two top quarks when it is very off-shell, suggesting that while the probability may be low, it should not be impossible.
  • Another participant challenges the initial premise by asking how a very off-shell Higgs boson could be produced, indicating a potential misunderstanding regarding the nature of off-shell particles.
  • A participant explains that the amplitude for processes like ##q\bar{q}\to t\bar{t}## includes contributions from a virtual Higgs, but emphasizes that this is not typically classified as a "Higgs decay."
  • It is noted that decays are generally defined for on-shell particles, and that processes involving virtual Higgs bosons contribute to production cross sections rather than decay processes.
  • One participant expresses confusion about the distinction between off-shell Higgs and off-shell top quarks, seeking clarification on the implications of producing an off-shell Higgs at a specific energy level.
  • Another participant reiterates that while it is theoretically possible for an off-shell Higgs to decay into on-shell top quarks, the process would be heavily suppressed and overshadowed by other production mechanisms, such as gluon-gluon fusion.

Areas of Agreement / Disagreement

Participants do not reach a consensus on the classification of the process as a decay versus a production mechanism. There is a general agreement that the likelihood of such an off-shell decay is low and that it would be overshadowed by other processes, but the discussion remains unresolved regarding the specifics of how off-shell particles interact.

Contextual Notes

The discussion highlights the complexities of particle interactions involving off-shell particles, including the need for clarity on definitions and the implications of phase space in such processes. The distinction between decay and production processes is emphasized, but not fully resolved.

Malamala
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Hello! I haven't really seen a feynman diagram with a higgs boson decaying to a top-anti top quark pair. The mass of a top pair is much higher than the Higgs mass on shell, but is there any reason why we can't have a Higgs boson (very) off-shell decay to 2 top quarks. The probability of that happening must be quite low, but is there any reason to not happen at all? Thank you!
 
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How do you make this very off-shell Higgs boson? You seem to be confusing the Higgs being off-shell with the top being off-shell.
 
When you calculate the amplitude for a process like ##q\bar{q}\to t\bar{t}##, where the q's should stand for any light quarks in the proton, then you also have a tree-level diagram with only one Higgs-propagator, that contributes to the full amplitude (though it will be strongly suppressed).

But you would usually not call this a "Higgs decay".
 
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We only call processes "decays" if the parent particle is real, i.e. on-shell (within its decay width of course).

Technically the process via a virtual Higgs goes into the top pair production cross section, in practice it's completely negligible as you can produce them directly from two gluons.
People do look for s-channel virtual Higgs bosons elsewhere, for example in the two photon or four lepton final states, as this cross section is related to the Higgs width. Here is a CMS measurement for example.
 
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Vanadium 50 said:
How do you make this very off-shell Higgs boson? You seem to be confusing the Higgs being off-shell with the top being off-shell.
I am not sure I understand what you mean. If you produce an off shell higgs boson with a ##q^2 = 2 m_t##, the higgs can in principle decay to 2 on shell top quarks. Isn't that right? I am not sure what you mean by off-shell top in this case.
 
Reggid said:
When you calculate the amplitude for a process like ##q\bar{q}\to t\bar{t}##, where the q's should stand for any light quarks in the proton, then you also have a tree-level diagram with only one Higgs-propagator, that contributes to the full amplitude (though it will be strongly suppressed).

But you would usually not call this a "Higgs decay".
Thanks a lot! Right, it is not really a decay, I was just wondering if it can happen at all (even if strongly suppressed). This answered my question.
 
Malamala said:
I was just wondering if it can happen at all (even if strongly suppressed).

Everything that is possible can happen, but it will be supressed due to two top-propagators and phase space of at least 4 particles. Also, the background would be huge, considering the amount of top and anti-tops being produced from gluon-gluon fusion etc without an intermediate Higgs... Your signal would be completely blurred
 
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