Can a photon travel forever without interacting with matter?

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Discussion Overview

The discussion centers around the behavior of photons in a hypothetical scenario where they travel through a vacuum without interacting with matter. Participants explore whether photons can travel indefinitely without attenuation and the implications of gravitational influences on their frequency over time.

Discussion Character

  • Exploratory
  • Debate/contested
  • Conceptual clarification

Main Points Raised

  • One participant questions if a photon will continue to exist and travel forever in a vacuum, specifically outside a sphere containing all matter.
  • Another participant asserts that a photon will last forever in this scenario but will experience gravitational redshift as it moves away from the sphere.
  • There is a discussion about whether a photon decreases in frequency without gravitational influence, with one participant suggesting that this remains an open question lacking experimental evidence.
  • A participant raises the idea that a decrease in frequency does not equate to the photon going out of existence, prompting further inquiry into the nature of gravitational influence on photons at great distances.
  • The "Tired Light" hypothesis is mentioned, with one participant expressing skepticism about the existence of a credible mechanism for such an effect.

Areas of Agreement / Disagreement

Participants express differing views on whether photons can decrease in frequency without gravitational influence and the implications of such a decrease. The discussion remains unresolved regarding the behavior of photons over extended travel distances without interaction.

Contextual Notes

There are limitations regarding the assumptions made about gravitational influence and the nature of photons in a vacuum. The discussion also highlights the lack of experimental evidence for certain claims.

Ulysees
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If there's nothing to interact with, will the photon attenuate and disappear after some distance, or will it continue to exist and travel forever?

For example, in a hypothetical universe where all matter is within a sphere and spacetime continues outside the sphere without limits, if a photon exits the sphere will it last forever?
 
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In your scenario it will indeed last forever, although it will be gravitational redshifted while moving away from the sphere.
 
That red-shift denotes a decrease in the photons original frquency over time and through it's pasages through gravitational influences.
I believe that what is not known at this time is if a photon decreases in frequency without gravitational influence.
Does a photon eventually "flat-line" by virtue of extended travel without any other influence?
I've heard that this is a good question with no experimental evidence to suggest an answer at this time.
 
If it decreases in frequency, ie if the e/m wave is getting closer and closer to dc, then this is not equivalent to going out of existence, is it.

Does the gravitational bending of spacetime extend all the way to infinity? Or does gravity, consisting of particles that cannot have less energy than a quantum quantity, disappear completely after some distance?
 
pallidin said:
That red-shift denotes a decrease in the photons original frquency over time and through it's pasages through gravitational influences.
I believe that what is not known at this time is if a photon decreases in frequency without gravitational influence.
Does a photon eventually "flat-line" by virtue of extended travel without any other influence?
I've heard that this is a good question with no experimental evidence to suggest an answer at this time.

This is the "Tired Light" idea, you might be interested in the wikipedia article http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tired_light and especially the corresponding discussion http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Tired_light (the discussion is very "lively", if you want to see it in a positive way - including the identification of a sockpuppet :biggrin:)

my personal opinion is, that at the moment there exists no credible mechanism that would predict such a "tiring" effect.
 
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