Inertia is the tendency of an object to resist changes in its state of motion. This means that an object at rest will remain at rest and an object in motion will continue to move at a constant velocity unless acted upon by an external force. Inertia is directly related to an object's mass, with more massive objects having greater inertia.
Momentum is a measure of an object's motion, calculated by multiplying its mass and velocity. In other words, it is the quantity of motion an object has. The factors that affect momentum are mass and velocity, with larger mass and higher velocity resulting in greater momentum.
An example of how inertia and momentum are related is when a moving object hits a stationary object. The moving object has a certain amount of momentum, and because of its inertia, it will continue to move forward even after colliding with the stationary object. This is why the stationary object will move or be pushed in the direction of the moving object's momentum.
Newton's First Law of Motion states that an object at rest will remain at rest and an object in motion will continue in motion with a constant velocity unless acted upon by an external force. This law is directly related to inertia, as an object's resistance to changes in motion is known as inertia. Momentum is also involved, as a moving object will continue to have the same amount of momentum unless acted upon by an external force.
Linear momentum is the measure of an object's motion in a straight line, while angular momentum is the measure of an object's motion around a fixed point or axis. Linear momentum is calculated by multiplying an object's mass and velocity, while angular momentum is calculated by multiplying an object's moment of inertia (a measure of its resistance to rotational motion) and its angular velocity. Both types of momentum are conserved, meaning they remain constant unless acted upon by an external force.