Can you numerically calculate the stress-energy tensor from the metric?

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Discussion Overview

The discussion centers around the possibility of calculating the stress-energy tensor from a specified metric in the context of general relativity. Participants explore the methods and tools available for numerical relativity, particularly focusing on the implications of different metric types, such as those representing closed spaces with identified boundary points.

Discussion Character

  • Exploratory
  • Technical explanation
  • Debate/contested

Main Points Raised

  • One participant inquires about resources for calculating matter distributions from a specified metric, referencing past work on spatial curvature.
  • Another participant suggests that calculating the stress-energy tensor from a given metric is straightforward if the metric is twice differentiable, but notes that the resulting tensor may yield implausible energy densities.
  • A participant expresses interest in metrics of closed spaces, such as cylinders or tori, and asks about potential complications due to boundary conditions.
  • One reply indicates that applying periodic boundary conditions to a topologically simple spacetime should not pose significant issues, though the participant expresses uncertainty about this conclusion.
  • A later post outlines the process of calculating the Einstein tensor from the metric and mentions potential noise issues when computing second-order partial derivatives numerically. It also lists software tools like GRTensor, Maxima, and Mathematica for analytical analysis.

Areas of Agreement / Disagreement

Participants express varying degrees of certainty regarding the feasibility and implications of calculating the stress-energy tensor from a specified metric. While some agree on the general approach, there are differing views on the plausibility of the resulting distributions and the complications introduced by boundary conditions.

Contextual Notes

Participants mention potential issues with noise in numerical calculations and the need for careful consideration of boundary conditions in specific metric types. There is also a reference to the age and maintenance of certain software tools used in the analysis.

quickAndLucky
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About 10 years ago I worked on a project where I took a mater distribution and numerically solved for spatial curvature. Can this be done in the opposite direction?

Can anybody point me to a resource that would allow me to calculate matter distributions when the metric is specified?

What are the tools used in numerical relativity today?
 
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If you literally mean to specify a metric and calculate the required stress-energy then it's trivial, just a lot of partial derivatives. As long as your metric is twice differentiable in each of the coordinates then you can grind your way through it analytically if you want. Any GR textbook will have the maths. Sean Carroll's lecture notes are free online and have the necessary (edit: even Wikipedia will do the job). Typically, though, the resulting stress-energy tensor isn't really plausible - negative energy densities and the like.

If you want a plausible stress-energy distribution then you end up having to write differential equations for the dynamics of the stress-energy and feed that into the Einstein field equations, and that isn't much different from what you did ten years ago. You wouldn't be specifying the metric so much as specifying the relationship between the metric and the stress-energy distribution and then solving the resulting differential equations.
 
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Great thanks will have a look at Carrol. I'm specifically interested in metrics of closed spaces where boundary points are identified, like a cylinder or tourus. Any extra complications you think ill run into because of strange boundary conditions?
 
As far as I'm aware you are effectively applying periodic boundary conditions to a topologically simple spacetime. As long as you use coordinates where the repetition is easy to specify I don't see why there'd be a problem. I've given that all of five minutes' thought, though, so I wouldn't bet too heavily on it. Some searching on arXiv would probably be worthwhile.
 
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quickAndLucky said:
About 10 years ago I worked on a project where I took a mater distribution and numerically solved for spatial curvature. Can this be done in the opposite direction?

Can anybody point me to a resource that would allow me to calculate matter distributions when the metric is specified?

What are the tools used in numerical relativity today?

From the metric g_uv, you calculate the Einstein tensor G_uv. This can be done analytically, though I suppose you could do it numerically. You might have noise issues from computing the second order partial derivateves numerically, though.

Then ## T_{uv} = \frac{c^4}{8 \pi G} G_{uv}## by Einstein's field equations.

For an analytical analysis, you can use programs such as GRTensor, Maxima, or Mathematica. Maxima is free, GRTensor requires the non-free Maple to run, and is showing it's age. I haven't use Mathematica's tensor packages, they should be well maintained, but I'm not sure what features they have.
 
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