Capacitor discharge vs. Pole relaxation

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SUMMARY

The discussion clarifies the distinction between capacitor discharge and pole relaxation in electrical measurements. Capacitor discharge refers to the time required for excess charge to be removed from the capacitor, while pole relaxation pertains to the duration needed for the polarization of charges to return to a relaxed state. When using an oscilloscope to measure these phenomena, the time displayed reflects the capacitor discharge time rather than the pole relaxation time. Real capacitors exhibit leakage that affects discharge measurements, influenced by the surrounding circuit components.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of capacitor behavior and characteristics
  • Familiarity with oscilloscope operation and measurement techniques
  • Knowledge of electrical polarization concepts
  • Basic principles of circuit design and leakage effects
NEXT STEPS
  • Research capacitor discharge time constants and their calculations
  • Learn about the effects of leakage currents in real capacitors
  • Explore advanced oscilloscope features for measuring transient responses
  • Study the principles of electrical polarization and its impact on circuit performance
USEFUL FOR

Electronics engineers, students studying electrical engineering, and hobbyists working with capacitors and oscilloscopes will benefit from this discussion.

Christian Hernandez
I'm trying to understand the difference between these two when it comes to measuring the amount of time they take.
As of right now, my current understanding is that pole relaxation is based on the amount of time that it takes for polarization of the charges to go back to its relaxed state.
For capacitor discharge, its the amount of time it takes for time to excess charge to be gotten rid of.

What confuses me is when measuring both of these for a capacitor, using an oscilloscope and a DC power supply. When I apply a voltage to a capacitor and then un-apply it, is the time shown on the oscilloscope the amount it takes to discharge or the amount it takes to for the charges to relax.

Thanks.
 
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Discharge. An ideal capacitor will hold charge indefinitely. A real capacitor has some leakage between the plates and of course some leaks out through the oscilloscope probes. In some cases even the very high resistance of the PCB or breadboard a capacitor is mounted on can form a significant discharge path.
 

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