Capacitor - Work done to charge it up

Click For Summary
SUMMARY

The discussion focuses on the work done to charge a capacitor, specifically analyzing the relationship between charge (Q), capacitance (C), and voltage (V) as defined by the equation Q = CV. It emphasizes the complexities of calculating the energy stored in a capacitor, particularly when considering the varying electric field based on the position of charge on the conductors. The conversation also touches on the implications of moving charges within a circuit and the role of electric fields in both the capacitor and battery, highlighting the nuances of electrostatic conditions and quasistatic situations.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of capacitor fundamentals, including charge, voltage, and capacitance.
  • Familiarity with electric fields and their behavior in conductors.
  • Knowledge of electrostatic principles and quasistatic conditions.
  • Basic circuit theory, particularly the role of batteries in maintaining electric fields.
NEXT STEPS
  • Study the mathematical derivation of energy stored in capacitors using integration techniques.
  • Explore the concept of electric potential and equipotential surfaces in conductors.
  • Learn about the effects of charge distribution on non-standard conductor shapes.
  • Investigate the electrochemical processes within batteries and their impact on circuit behavior.
USEFUL FOR

Electrical engineers, physics students, and anyone interested in deepening their understanding of capacitors, electric fields, and circuit dynamics.

aaaa202
Messages
1,144
Reaction score
2
capacitor -- Work done to charge it up

If we imagine a capacitor as two conductors held a distance d apart from each other, we can find easily that the total charge and the potential are proportional:
Q = CV
To find the energy stored in a capacitor you can imagine taking a tiny chunk of charge and separating it from the one plate to the other. The work you must do is:
Q/Cdq and you can integrate up to find the total work needed done.

To me however, there is some subleties in this definition of the energy stored in it:
Because, doesn't it matter from where on the conductor you take your negative charges and transport them to the positive one? Imagine we have a capacitor made of some conductors of weird shape. Generally the field between them can vary depending not only on the distance between them but also on where you are on the conductors. So the work needed for taking an electron from one and transporting to the other will vary depending on which electron you pick. What reference point on the capacitor should be used?
 
Physics news on Phys.org


Each conductor has the same potential everywhere on its surface or inside it, assuming that we transfer charge slowly enough that the setup stays infinitesmally close to an electrostatic situation.
 


hmm yes, so you get like a quasistatic situation. But I don't think it's very obvious though. So say we have a simple circuit like the below. The platecapacitor is connected to the battery with wires, which are of course also conductors. Since the wire and plate is an equipotential does that then mean that the line integral of the electric field from either of the red dot to the green dot is the same?
 

Attachments

  • capacitor.png
    capacitor.png
    802 bytes · Views: 464
Last edited:


Yes. Remember, there is an electric field inside the battery which is maintained by electrochemical processes.
 


Yeh okay, I understand what you are saying. The problem is for me that it is kind of a contradicting to say that the work done on the charges in moving inside the conducting part of the circuit is zero since the field inside it is zero - because the charges are moving exactly when the field is not zero as to yet again establish a field equal to zero. And shouldn't this motion give rise to some extra energy, which is not included in the model where you say that the only place, where there is an actual field is inside the battery.
 

Similar threads

  • · Replies 1 ·
Replies
1
Views
1K
  • · Replies 7 ·
Replies
7
Views
2K
  • · Replies 8 ·
Replies
8
Views
2K
  • · Replies 14 ·
Replies
14
Views
2K
  • · Replies 1 ·
Replies
1
Views
2K
  • · Replies 2 ·
Replies
2
Views
1K
  • · Replies 9 ·
Replies
9
Views
2K
  • · Replies 6 ·
Replies
6
Views
2K
  • · Replies 7 ·
Replies
7
Views
2K
  • · Replies 2 ·
Replies
2
Views
2K