Center of circle from two points and a tangent angle

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SUMMARY

The discussion focuses on determining the center of a circle given two points and a tangent angle, specifically using the points (x1, y1, θ1) and (x2, y2). The user initially attempted to derive the center using parametric equations and equating squared distances but found the resulting expression overly complex. The solution was ultimately simplified by applying the tangent-chord angle theorem, which states that the tangent-chord angle is twice the angle of the arc. This allowed for the calculation of the radius using the formula r = chord_length/(2*sin(arcangle/2)), followed by standard trigonometric methods to find the center coordinates (xc, yc).

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of parametric equations in geometry
  • Familiarity with the tangent-chord angle theorem
  • Basic trigonometry, including sine functions
  • Experience with Computer Algebra Systems (CAS) for solving equations
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  • Study the tangent-chord angle theorem in detail
  • Learn how to derive parametric equations for geometric shapes
  • Explore methods for solving complex equations using CAS tools
  • Investigate additional geometric properties related to circles and tangents
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Mathematicians, computer scientists, and engineers involved in geometric computations, particularly those working on circle geometry and trigonometric applications.

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So my problem is this: I need to figure out the center of a circle given two points. At one of the points, I know the tangent angle. So I know (x1, y1, θ1) and (x2, y2) and need to find (xc, yc). I also need to do this on a computer so I need some sort of closed-form solution.

The way I have approached this so far is to construct a line with the equation

x(t) = x1 + t*cos(θ+pi/2)
y(t) = y1 + t*sin (θ+pi/2)

This line runs through (x1,y1) as well as (xc, yc). There is some value of t (equal to + or - the radius of the circle) where (x(t),y(t)) = (xc,yc). Given that center of the circle is equidistant to both (x1,y1) and (x2,y2), I equate the squared distances:

[x(t)-x1]^2 + [y(t)-y1]^2 = [x(t)-x2]^2 + [y(t)-y2]^2

I substitute in equations for x(t) and y(t) and use a CAS to solve for t, although I come up with an extremely long, convoluted expression.

I have the feeling that there's got to be a simple, elegant way to do this, although I'm just not seeing it. Can anyone provide some insight or suggestions on how to approach this?

Thanks!
 
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Solved it! Found a theorem stating that the tangent-chord angle is twice the angle of the arc. With the arc angle, I can solve for the radius by r = chord_length/(2*sin(arcangle/2)) and the rest is trigonometry.
 

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