Centrifugal pump behavior when the outlet is closed

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SUMMARY

The discussion centers on the behavior of centrifugal pumps when the outlet is closed while the pump continues to operate. Key points include a small increase in outlet pressure, a rise in the induction motor's RPM towards synchronous speed, and a gradual increase in the temperature of the trapped water. The maximum pressure occurs at minimum flow, and cavitation corrosion can occur if the pump inlet is closed while running. Non-return valves are critical to prevent pressure-related issues, and understanding pump curves is essential for determining performance metrics.

PREREQUISITES
  • Centrifugal pump operation principles
  • Induction motor characteristics and RPM behavior
  • Understanding of pump curves and pressure calculations
  • Knowledge of cavitation and its effects on pump components
NEXT STEPS
  • Research centrifugal pump performance curves and how to interpret them
  • Learn about the effects of cavitation on pump efficiency and longevity
  • Study the role of non-return valves in pump systems
  • Investigate the relationship between RPM, pressure, and flow rate in centrifugal pumps
USEFUL FOR

Engineers, technicians, and maintenance personnel involved in pump system design, operation, and troubleshooting will benefit from this discussion, particularly those working with centrifugal pumps and fluid dynamics.

  • #31
Baluncore said:
When the outlet is turned off there will be three things happen.

1. A small step increase in outlet pressure, as the flow stops.

2. A slight increase in RPM of the induction motor as pump load and slip is reduced.
The specified 3450 RPM will rise part way towards synchronous 3600 RPM.

3. The beginning of a gradual increase in temperature of water trapped in the pump.

Hi, I just read that cavitation can also occur when pump outlet is turned off. Wont this destroy the impeller too just like closed inlet? My plumber has not yet touched my systems because I am not sure he and his companion has Covid or not and awaiting vaccines. see:

https://www.google.com/amp/s/blog.craneengineering.net/what-is-pump-cavitation?hs_amp=true
"
When a pump's discharge pressure is extremely high or runs at less than 10% of its best efficiency point (BEP), discharge cavitation occurs. The high discharge pressure makes it difficult for the fluid to flow out of the pump, so it circulates inside the pump. Liquid flows between the impeller and the housing at very high velocity, causing a vacuum at the housing wall and the formation of bubbles.

As with suction cavitation, the implosion of those bubbles triggers intense shockwaves, causing premature wear of the impeller tips and pump housing. In extreme cases, discharge cavitation can cause the impeller shaft to break.

Possible causes of discharge cavitation:

  • Blockage in the pipe on discharge side
  • Clogged filters or strainers
  • Running too far left on the pump curve
  • Poor piping design"
 

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