Proving Charge Induced on Conductor is Equal to Sum of Imaginary Charges

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SUMMARY

The discussion centers on proving that the total charge induced on an infinite grounded conductor is equal to the sum of imaginary charges using the method of images. The potential due to a point charge and its image is expressed in cylindrical coordinates, and the surface charge density is derived from the potential. The total induced charge on the grounded sheet is calculated through integration, confirming that it equals -q, where q is the point charge above the conductor.

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  • Understanding of electrostatics and charge distribution
  • Familiarity with the method of images in electrostatics
  • Knowledge of Gauss's law and its application to conductors
  • Proficiency in calculus for evaluating integrals
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  • Study the method of images in electrostatics for various geometries
  • Learn about the application of Gauss's law in electrostatic problems
  • Explore advanced topics in electrostatics, such as multipole expansions
  • Practice evaluating integrals in cylindrical coordinates for charge distributions
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harshant
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Imagine that there is a point charge in vicinity of an infinite grounded sheet of conductor of arbitrary shape and size such that the problem of finding the potential can be solved by using the method of images. Is their a way to prove that the total charge induced on this sheet is always equal to the sum of the imaginary charges? (there exists a way for proving this for finite conductors using the Gauss law) I am confused because in all the texts I referred to this conclusion was stated to be 'expected' or 'obvious', and I couldn't see why it would be so.
 
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Assume the grounded sheet is in the xy-plane and charge ##q## is at distance ##d## above it. The potential in region ##z>0## due to the charge and its image is azimuthally symmetric and expressed in cylindrical coordinates as
$$V(\rho,z)=\frac{q}{4\pi \epsilon_0}\left[\frac{1}{[\rho^2+(z-d)^2]^{1/2}}-\frac{1}{[\rho^2+(z+d)^2]^{1/2}}\right]$$
The surface charge density is given by
$$\sigma(\rho)=\epsilon_0~E_z(z=0)=- \epsilon_0 \left. \frac{\partial V(\rho,z)}{\partial z}\right|_{z=0}$$
$$\sigma(\rho)=-\frac{q}{4\pi \epsilon_0} \frac{2d}{(\rho^2+d^2)^{3/2}}$$
A ring of radius ##\rho## and width ##d\rho## bears charge ##dq=\sigma(\rho)2\pi \rho~ d\rho##. The total charge on the grounded sheet is
$$Q_{total}=\int_0^{\infty} \sigma(\rho)2\pi \rho~ d\rho$$
Do the integral and convince yourself that it is equal to ##-q##.
 

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